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 THE TEST—WORLD WAR I Kriedberg and Henry, Mobilization, pp. 302–09.

$43$ Memo, WPD for Dir of Operations, 31 May 18, sub: Organization of the next 23 divisions, WPD file 8481–84, RG 165, NARA.

$44$ Because the 15th Cavalry Division was demobilized in May 1918, the number 15 was available in July for a Regular Army infantry division without a duplication of numbers.

$45$ Memo, WPD for TAG, 8 Jul 18, sub: Organization of the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th Divisions, WPD file 8481–96, and Memo, WPD for TAG, 19 Jul 18, sub: Organization of the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th Divisions, WPD file 8481–97, RG 165, NARA; T/O 12, Field Artillery Brigade (Combat Division), 14 Jan 18, corrected to 26 Jun 18; Zone of the Interior, pp. 641–61. Motorized artillery during World War I referred to tractor-drawn field artillery.

$46$ Zone of the Interior, p. 629; Directory of Troops, p. 1405.

$47$ Rpts of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands, 1917, printed in ARWD, 1918, pp. 1–5, and 1918, printed in ARWD, 1919, p. 6; Zone of the Interior, pp. 674–75.

$48$ Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War, American Expeditionary Forces, General Headquarters, Armies, Army Corps, Services of Supply, Separate Forces (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949), p. 386, hereafter cited as General Headquarters, Armies.

$49$ Memo, CofS for TAG, 23 Jul 18, sub: Disposal of the Colored draft (Organization of new divisions), AWC file 8142–185, RG 165, NARA; Zone of the Interior, pp. 662–70.<section end="Note49" />

$50$ <section begin="Note50" />Changes in the tables of organization and weapons can be traced through the following sources: T/O Series A, 14 January 1918, corrected to 26 June 1918 (printed in Organization, AEF, pp. 335–88), and tables printed in Genesis of the American First Army (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938), pp. 59–61.<section end="Note50" />

$51$ <section begin="Note51" />George M. Chin, The Machine Gun, 3 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1951), 1:173–86; Sevellon Brown, The Story of Ordnance in the World War (Washington, D.C.: James William Bryan Press, 1920), pp. 128–30.<section end="Note51" />

$52$ <section begin="Note52" />AEF GO 31, 1918.<section end="Note52" />

$53$ <section begin="Note53" />"Report of Assistant CofS, G–1, G.H.Q., A.E.F. and Statistics," United States Army in World War: Reports of Commander-in-Chief, A.E.F. (Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1948), pp. 150–52, hereafter cited as Reports of CINC.<section end="Note53" />

$54$ <section begin="Note54" />Ibid.; AEF GOs 9, 46, and 111, 1918.<section end="Note54" />

$55$ <section begin="Note55" />Pershing, My Experiences, 1:291, 353–65; Donald Smythe, Pershing: General of the Armies (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986), p. 72; Divisions, pp. 437–42.<section end="Note55" />

$56$ <section begin="Note56" />Coffman, The War To End All Wars, pp. 168–71; Weigley, History of the United States Army, p. 384; Documents, Training contains numerous documents pertaining to the agreement and training with British and French.<section end="Note56" />

$57$ <section begin="Note57" />Hunter Liggett, AEF, Ten Years Ago in France (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1928), p. 28 General Headquarters, Armies, pp. 193, 220, 237, 268, 290, 316, and 329; Divisions, pp. 251, 269, 293, 363–64, 379.<section end="Note57" />

$58$ <section begin="Note58" />General Headquarters, Armies, pp. 381–83; Joel R. Moore, "The North Russian Expedition," Infantry Journal 29 (Jul 1926): 1–21; Richard K. Kolb, "Polar Bears vs. Bols," 78 VFW Magazine (Jan 1991): 16–20; Divisions, p. 363.<section end="Note58" />

$59$ <section begin="Note59" />In addition to combat losses, the fall of 1918 witnessed one of the most severe influenza epidemics in history, which spread to over 25 percent of the Army in France (see Coffman, The War To End All Wars, pp. 81–84).<section begin="Note59" />

$60$ <section begin="Note60" />"Final Report" and "Report of Assistant Cold, G–1, G.H.Q., A.E.F., printed in Reports of CINC, pp. 55, 147–52; Maurice Matloff, ed., American Military History (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969), p. 401.<section end="Note61" />

$61$ <section begin="Note61" />"Report of Assistant CofS, G–1, G.H.Q., A.E.F.," printed in Reports of CINC, pp. 147–52.<section end="Note61" />

$62$ <section begin="Note62" />"Final Report of Assistant Chief of Staff (G–4)," and "Final Report of the Chief of Artillery, American Expeditionary Forces," printed in Reports of CINC, pp. 77, 205–06; <section end="Note62" />