Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 6.djvu/70

40 Golomb Gomez

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

40

under the Special Board 1888-96 ; and examiner for the medieval and modern tripos 1895-96. He was elected lecturer in English at the University of Cam- bridge in March, 1896. When, owing in large meas- ure to Gollancz's initiative, the British Academy was founded in 1903, he was appointed secretary. In 1903 he became professor of English literature at King's College, London. Gollancz has always interested himself in communal affairs; he is con- nected with several of the chief institutions, has been for several years theological tutor to the Jew- ish students at Harrow School, and in 1903 was elected president of the Union of Jewish Literary Societies.

Gollancz has edited: "The Pearl," a Middle-Eng- lish poem prefaced with a special verse by Tenny- son, 1891; "Cynewulf's Christ," 1892; "Exeter Book of Anglo-Saxon Poetry " (Early English Text Soci- ety), 1895; "Temple Shakespeare," 1894-96, of which nearly three million copies have been sold, and which led to the publication of the " Temple Classics," a series of the best books; "The Parlia- ment of the Three Ages " (Roxburgh Club), 1897 ; and "Hamlet in Iceland," 1898. Gollancz is now (1903) editing another series entitled "The King's Classics. "

Bibliography: Who's Who, London, 1903; Jew. Ch/ron. March 20, 1896 ; Jewish Year-Book, 1903.

J. V. E.

GOIiOMB, HIE.SCH NISSAN : Russian He- braist and writer on music; born at Podzelve, gov- ernment of Wilna, Dec. 15, 1853. He studied in the yeshibah of Wilkomii-, and received a good musical training at Wilna. At the beginning of his literary career he was a corrector in Romm's printing-house at Wilna, and while there he translated into Judseo- German the " Hilkot De'ot " of the Yad ha-Hazakah, Wilna, 1876. Ho also published several pamphlets in JudiEO-German, among them "Jlishle Ha-^amim." He then published a series of works on music: "Kol Yehudah," a musical clirestomathy, Wilna, 1877; " Menazzeah bi-Neginot, " a manual of singing and the violin, partly in Hebrew and partly in Judaeo-Ger- man, ib. 1884; "Zirarat Yah,"a manual of harmony, in Hehrew and JudaBO-German,' folio wed bj' a mu- sical glossary, ib. 1885. He has also written the fol- lowing school-books: "Heder la-Tinokot," a He- brew reader, ib. 1883; "Lahakat Nebi'im," a graded Hebrew chrestomathy, ib. 1888; "Kiryat Sefer," a description of Wilna, Grodno, Byelostok, and War- saw, and of their Jewish communities.

BiBLiOGRAPHT : Sokolov, Sefer Zihlmron, p. 15, Warsaw, 1889 : Zeltlln, Blbl. Post-MendeU. pp. 119, 120.

H. -R. M. Sbl.

GOLYATOVSKI or GALIATOVSKI, JOAN- NIKI : Little-Russian cleric and anti-Je wisli writer ; died 1688. After having studied in the Kiev- Mogilian College, Golyatovski took holy orders, and was later appointed rector of the Little-Russian schools. He declared himself the enemy of the Roman Catholics, Jews, and Moslems, but showed the greatest animosity toward the Jews, knowing that this would increase his popularity among the populace of Little Russia. Golyatovski soon found in the appearance of Shabbethai Zebi a good oppor- tunity for venting his ill-will. Taking the latter's

assumptions as a pretext, he wrote, in the form of a dialogue between a Jew and a Christian, a violent polemic against the Jews under the title " Messia Pravdivi. " He says in the preface that the reason which induced him to write the work was that the dishonesty of the Jews in Little Russia, Lithuania, and Poland "raised its horns too high." He de- scribes the Shabbethaian movement from a strongly anti- Jewish point of view. The work was written in Little-Russian, then translated into Latin, and afterward into Russian by I. Nitzkevich(Kiev, 1887).

Bibliography: Entziklnpedicheski Slnvar; Bolshaua Bnt- zildopedia ; Kostoruarov, Busskaya Istoria, 11. 357 et seg., St. Petersburg, 1895 ; Voskhod, 1887.

H. K. M. Sbl.

GOMEL. See Hombl.

GOMEL BENSHEN ("gomel"= Hebr., "who

bestoweth " ; " benshen " = Judaeo-German, " to bless"): The pronouncing of the benediction for escape from danger after passing through the desert; after confinement in prison; after severe sickness; and after crossing the sea and arriving safely in port. From the verses " Men should praise the Lord for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men ! " and " They should exalt him also in the assembly of the people, at the seat of the elders they should praise him " (Ps. cvii. 8, 15, 31, 33, Hebr.), the Talmud (Ber. 54b) de- rived the duty of giving thanks on tlie four occasions enumerated, and of doing this in public, that is, where ten or more men are gathered together for common worship. It is suggested that a literal com- pliance with the text (" at the seat of the elders ") would require the presence of two rabbis, but this notion has been ignored. The words of the benedic- tion suggested in the Talmud are ; " Blessed be . . who bestoweth [" gomel "] goodly mercies " ; but in modern usage the one "bound to give thanks" is called to the desk to read a subsection from the Penta- teuch, and, after the usual benediction at the close, he adds the following : " Blessed ba Thou . . . who bestoweth favors on the guilty, and who hath be- stowed on me all that is good " ; whereupon all the bystanders answer : " He who has bestowed good on thee may further bestow good on thee: Selah."

Bibliography: Maimonides, Yad, Berakot,x.8; Care, Shu!- JFtcm "Aruk, Orah Jfayyim, 319, 1.

s. s. ' L. N. D.

GOMER (-iDJ) : 1. Eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. x. 3, 8; I Chron. i. 5, 6). In Yoma 10a and Yer. Meg. i. 9 " Gomer " is explained to be the same as XDD"I2, which stands either for X^IODJ ("Cim- merii") or for SJD-|J| ("Germany"). In Gen. R. xxxvii. "Gomer" is Africa, and "Magog" is Ger- many (comp. Lenormant, "Origines," ii. 333). Gomer, standing for the whole family, is mentioned in Ezek. xxxviii. 6 as the ally of Gog, the chief of the land of Magog.

2. Daughter of Diblaim, and wife of the prophet Hosea (Hosea i. 3).

B. G. H. M. Sel.

GOMEZ: The Gomez family, or rather that branch of it which has established itself in America, traces its descent from Isaac Gomez, a Marano who