Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 6.djvu/17

vii SYSTEMS OF TRANSLITERATION AND OF CITATION

OF PROPER NAMES*

A. — Rules for the Transliteration of HebreTV and Aramaic.

1 . All important names which occur in the Bible are cited as found in the authorized King James

version; e.g., Moses, not Mosheh; Isaac, not Yizhak ; Saul, not Sha'ul or Shaiil; Solomon, not Shelomoh, etc.

2. The spellings of names that have gained currency in English books on Jewish subjects, or that have become familiar to English readers, are generally retained ; cross-references are given when topics are treated under forms transliterated according to the system tabulated below.

3. Hebrew subject-headings are transcribed according to the scheme of transliteration ; cross-refer-

ences are made as in the case of personal names.

4. The following system of transliteration has been used for Hebrew and Aramaic :

K Not noted at the beginning or the end of a word ; otherwise ' or by dieresis; e.g., pe'er or Meir.

3 b ' z ~i I a (with dagesh), p t}» s?i

i g n A a wi a (imthout dagesh), f 'g; s

Id c ( : n V? n t

n h > y D s p ^

1 M) 3 fc I? ' -) r

Note : The presence of dagesh lene is not noted except in the case of D- Dagesh forte is indi- cated by doubling the letter.

5. The vowels have been transcribed as follows :

— (kamez) a .. u —a ^ e So ~ (kamez hatuf) o.

— e — e — o '—I

— i e ~ a ^ u

The so-called " Continental " pronunciation of the English vowels is implied.

6. The Hebrew article is transcribed as ha, followed by a hyphen, without doubling the following letter. [Not hak-Kohen or hak-Cohen, nor Kosh ha-shshanah.]

B. — Rules for the Transliteration of Arabic.

1. All Arabic names and words, except such as have become familiar to English readers in other forms, as Mohammed, Koran, mosque, are transliterated according to the following system :

'^ See

S above

j; kh

^.^sh

^gh

^J n


 * -r>b

d

U««

^f

gi h

IZJt

J d-h

J,d

J^

J w

^^th

J ^

t t

tjjk

^y

Zij

) "

b?

J^

z^

(JMS

t^

(* ™

2. Only the three

vowels —

-a, i, u —

are

represented :

-

- a

-

i

— u

No account

has been taken of th^ imalah;

i has not been written e, nor u

written

0.

graphical exigencies have rendered occasional deviations from these systems necessary.
 * In all other matters of orthography the spelling preferred by the Standard Dictionaet has usually been followed. Typo-