Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 4.pdf/2

 THE Jewish Encyclopedia A DESCRIPTIVE RECORD OF THE HISTORY, RELIGION, LITERATURE, AND CUS- TOMS OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE FROM TITE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY Prepared by More than Four Hundred Scholars and Specialists UXDER THE DIRECTION OF THE FOLLOWING EDITORIAL BOARD CYRCS A Dex, PH.D. (Departments of Post- JOSEPH JACOBS, BA, (Departments of the Jerus Biblical Antiqnities; the fees of America). of England and Anthropology'; Revising Editor). GOTTHARD DEUTSCIT, PID. Department of KAUFMASY KOHLER, PII.D. (Departments of History from 1402 10 1903). Theology and Philosopky). HERNAN ROSENTHAL (Department of the Jezus of LOUIS GISZER, Tir, D. (Department of Rul- binical Literature). Russie and Poland). SOLOMON SCHIECIITER, M.A., LITT.D. (Depart- KICHARD GOTTHEIL, P.D. (Departments of ment of the Talmud). History frow band to 1492; Iistry of Posza 7almudic Literature). ISIDORE SINGER, 1'11.!). (Department of Modern D'igraphy from 1750 to 1903). EXIL G. HIRSCH, PH.D., L.L.D. (Department of CRAWFORD II. Tor, 1).D., LL.D. (Departments the Bible). of Hebrew Philology and Hellenistic Literature). ISAAC K. FUNK, D.D., LLD). FRANK II. VIZETELLY, F.S.A. Chair nau of the Board Secretary of the Board WILLIAM T'OPPER, V.A., Ph.D. Associate Revising Editor, Culej of! Bureau of Truslation ISIDORE SINGER, Ph.D. Projector and Managing Editor ASSISTED BY AMIRICAN ANT) FOREIGX BOARDS OF CONSULTING EDITORS COMPLETE IN TWELVE VOLUMES EMBELLISHED WITH MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS FUNK NEW YORK AND LONDON AND WAGNALLS COMPANY MDCCCCIII mit STADTED FRANSIT