Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/673

623 Beck Bed

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

623 Berlin, 1870

"

Monatsrosen, " Berlin, 1848 and others

—are but feeble echoes of his earlier inspirations. Bibliography

Biblinthek der Deutsche)) KJattxlker, Hildburghausen, 1863; Freumlrsijru**, dedicated to Beck by Moriz Carriere, in Zeitung fllr die Elegante Welt, 1837, No. 232; Silhouetten Jester re iehixeher Dichterund Kttnstler,

I

Gratz, 1800-51; Jlidisehes Athcnilum: Qallerie Beriihmtcr Manner JUdisciicr Ahstammung, Leipsic, 1851 Der Komet: Beilage fl'ir Litcraiur, Kunst, etc., Leipsic, 1838, No. 1; C. von Wurzbacli, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiscrthums Oesterrekh, s.v.; Brockhaus, KonversatiomLexikon, 14th ed.; Meyer, Konvermtions-Lcxikon, 5th eri.; Blatter fllr Litterarische Untcrhaltung, 1838, pp. 963, 967; 1839, Nos. 225-228; 1841, Nos. 14, 358, 359, Leipsic; Zeitung in Iris,

fur die Elegante, Welt,

1837, No. 254 1838, No. 224, Leipsic Kritisehe Blatter der Btirsenhalle, 1838, pp.211, 219; 1841, Nos. 36, 37, Hamburg Schmidt, Gesch. der

und

Litterarische



Deutschen Literatur im

19.

La Grande Encyclopedic,

Jahrhundert,

iii.,

Breslau, 1855

s.v.

A.

s.

S. C.

and was elevated the

of "

title

Hungarian singer born in 1868 at Budapest, where he attended commercial He received the elements of a thorough schools. musical education from Abranyi Kornel, whose pu:



he remained throughout his career at the National Musical Academy, where he also studied the piano with Sandor Nikolics, and composition with H. Gobbi. At the age of nineteen he began his studies as an operatic singer, and against the wishes of his father went to Paris in order to prepare himself for the stage. At the Conservatoire there he obtained a free scholarship and two prizes. In 1892 he returned to Budapest, where, under the management of Count Gera Zichy, he made his debut in Thomas' " Hamlet " with such success that he was at once pil

He still (1902) retains the position of one of the leading operatic artists of engaged at the opera.

Hungary.

Hungarian nobility with

Bibliography Pesti Hirlap.

M. W.

s.

BECK, MORITZ

Rumanian



editor

and school-

born at Papa, Hungary. He is the editor of a bimonthly called "Revista Israelita," and audirector



thor of an educational work in the Rumanian language, entitled "Vocabular Analytici Ebraico-Romanisc, " 3 vols. Bucharest, 1882. At present (1902) Beck is a school-director at Bucharest, Rumania. He takes a great interest in the amelioration of the political and social conditions of the Jews of Rumania, devoting much time to education. ,

Bibliography

BECK, KLINOS

to the

De Madaras.



Lippe, Biblingraphisches Lexikon,

i.,

S.

s.

BECK, NANDOR, DE MADARAS:

s.v.

R. Presi-

dent of the Hungarian Hypotheken-Bauk born 1840 at Bacs-Madaras a younger brother of Miksa Beck. He was educated in Pest. In 1867 he obtained a position in the Anglo-Hungarian Bank, and in 1871, when only thirty-one years of age, was



elected director-general of the Hungarian Hypotheken-Bank, which position he held until 1899, when

he was unanimously elected president of the instiHe contributed greatly to the prosperity of tution. the bank, which, under his leadership, has now become one of the leading financial institutions of Hungary. In 1893 he received the Order of the Iron Crown of the third class, and in 1895 was elevated to the nobility with the title of " De Madaras. Bibliography Pesti Hirlap, 1899.

M. W.

s.

Bibliography Pallas Lexicon,

W.

M.

s.

BECK,

MATTHEW FREDERICK and divine

born

May 22,



German

1649 died Feb. He studied Oriental languages under Vos2, 1701. sius in Jena, and settled as a preacher at Augsburg. He published a translation of the Targum on Chronicles, 1630-33, and translated, but did not publish, several other works from the Hebrew e.g., the travels of Benjamin of Tudela and Pethahiah of Regensburg, and Abravanel's commentaries on two of the Prophets. Among his published works was also " Monumenta Antiqua Judaica Augustse Vindelicorum Reperta. Orientalist







Bibliography Wolf, Bihl. Hebr. No. 395, iii. 543, 956 Steinschneider, Hebr. Bibl. ii. 52 AUgemeine Deutsche Biogra;





phie,

ii.

218.

J.

G.

BECK, MIKSA, DE

MADARAS



Hungarian

born at Bacs-Madaras, 1838. His parents Budapest when he was still a child and it was there that he completed his commercial education. In 1864 he became the business manager of the banking-house of J. J. Cohen. In 1870 he befinancier



settled at



came chief director of the Hungarian Eskomptebank and when, in 1899, Koloman von Szell became president of the Hungarian cabinet, Beck was ele;

vated to the presidency of the bank. He is one of the leading financial authorities of Hungary; and under his circumspect leadership the Eskomptebank has become one of the most important in Hungary. In 1894 Beck received the Order of the Iron Crown,

BED

In early as in later times the Bed of the poor was the bare ground, and the bedclothes the simple gown worn during the day, which was wrapped about one at night (Ex. xxii. 25, 26 Deut. xxiv. 13). Hence a pledge of the "simlah" (garment) had to be returned before sunset. When a man was on a journey such a Bed was the most natural one, and a stone served the purpose of a pillow (Gen. xxviii. 11). The mat upon the floor was an advance. It was placed near the wall and, later, put on an elevation; hence the expression, " going up " to the Bed (Gen. xlix. 31). The Bed itself was built upon supports and was of different forms, as may be inferred from the variety of names for it; e.g.: (1) "Mitah," 27 times, Gen. xlvii. 31, xlviii. 2, xlix. 33; Ex. viii. 3; I Sam. xix. 13, and elsewhere. (2) "Mishkab," 45 times, Gen. xlix. 4, etc. (3) '"Eres" (compare the Assyrian "ershu"), 10 times, Song of Songs i. 16; Prov. vii. 16; Ps.



(5) (4) "Maza'," once, Isa. xxviii. 20. "Yezua'," 5 times, I Chron. v. 1; Job xvii. 13; Ps. It is imlxiii. 7 [A. V. 6], exxxii. 3; Gen. xlix. 4. xli. 4, etc.

possible to state just what was the difference between these names, but in time the simple Bed of

Deut. xxiv. 13 gave way to a more luxurious article, and in post-exilic days beds of fine wood are found, and pillows of costly materials elaborately embroidered (Judith x. 21 Esth. i. 10 Cant. iii. 10). Among the rich, couches also were used (Amos iii.



12, vi. 4).

Among

the poorer classes there

was no separate