Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/659

609 609

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

<'hcss.playors, Willi u salary us high as 200 llorins,

were

fd (1740-17)

fii K ji K

proviilo'cntertaiumcnt at court, and an annual salary of :{ rcielisthalcr, paid from the privy purse of tlio prince, was given to the. Jewish painter Judith Bow I'inohas (born in Lohrberg, 1727), who wasappoiuted court miniaturepainter by Margrave IViedcrich in 175:1. lie must have been an artist of great merit, for on the recommendation of the margrave's daughter ho was culled to Berlin, where he painted the portraits of Frederick the Great and the Prince of Orange. Bayreuth can boast also an eminent scholar, the grammarian and lexicographer Elias Levitafl llii)- 15-111), born in Neustadt-on-tlie-Aiseh, who everywhere, except in his native laud, enjoyed the highest respect as a teacher of learned non-Jews. With 1810, when the principality was joined to the kingdom of Bavaria, the history of Bayreuth as an independent province ceases. lu 17(10 lll'ly-live families were living at Bayreuth, and in all of the margrave's dominions there were three hundred and IH'ty families, of

Population.

hundred and lifly-four families, whose wealth was estimated to be 278,000 llorins. In 1805 an enumeration showed 2,27(i Jews in the Bay-

three

at that time

reuth province of the Pranconian

circle. In 11)00 the city of Bayreuth had about -120 Jews in a total population of 27,70(1, and in 11)01 it had .-125 Jews. Until 1787 the Jews of Bayreuth were buried at Baiersdorf, Burgkundstadt, and Aufsess, but on Dec.

they acquired a cemetery of their own.

20, 178(1,

Among

prominent rabbis of Bayreuth the follow-

ing should have special mention: Samson of tho family of Judith Seiko of Liuigenlois, ouo of the Austrian eiles of the year (170, who was rabbi of Baiersdorf anil Bayreuth until 1087; David Dispcok {born 172.'!; died 1704), author of the homilelic work "Panics David," who was appointed in 1785; his son Simon, assistant rabbi in Baiersdorf; the hitter's successor, Wolf Fcllheimcr, 180(1-20; administrator I

of the rabbinate, Ycitcl, 182S-21);

Dr. Joseph

Aub

{born at Baiersdorf 1805; died at Berlin 1880), rabbi

Bayreuth from 1S21I to 1852, and edilor of " Sinai," magazine favoring the Jewish Be form movement;

at »l

Dr. Israel Schwar/,, 1852-57; Dr. Julius Fllrst, 185973; adininislratorof the rabbinate, the Prominent teacher Diichnucr, 18711-81; and Dr.

Stdomo Knsznitzki, appointed in 1881. Other prominent Jewish personalities of Bayreulh have been Fischel Arn hcim ( Bayreuth, 1812-04), lawyer, honorary freeman of the city of 1 Inf. and for many years its representative in the Bavarian Parliament; the wellknown surgeon Jacob Her/ of Erlangen, who with Per-

sonalities.

his brother, the engineer

Yon

Tier/,

of Yicnnn.

general;

Von

Wilinersdorfer, consul-general, living (Olvrlttmksgv-

Munich; and lliuvrburger, judge rie/itxrut/t) and professor in Munich. -

Bihi.iooiui-uy; Tlelnrltz, Ikitrilw si" Geseli. tier Jiitlen /hi Vanmiliiii.n Wlrsteiittntm llaiiirulli. In AniiivJUr (.Yscfi.,

II.— 30

I

',!

"!'!','.'•,

irnlli, -lie/in'

(II

''""*-'• ,""'

itlimen,

IIIIH;

lies FIIMnil Ilium IkmH«mriill•

f,i

IHK-I, p.

BAZARJIK,

or

IIK; UHvm'iII. IK

Dridxelilaitd,

A.

E.-A.

F

TATAR BAZARJIK: A

small town of eastern Humelia, twenty-four miles from Philippopolis, containing a Jewish community of 1,700 in a total population of 17,000. It is said to date from the year 1402, or, according to Bianconi, from tho expulsion under Philip II. toward the end of the sixteenth century. There tire three tombs of undoubted antiquily, namely, that of Sam-

Behar Abraham, who died in 1(1-14 that of Pern, wife of Solomon Levi, who died in 1659; and that of Kabbi Isaac A/.riel, who died in 1709. Among other antiquities may bo mentioned a scroll of the Law, in the possession of the congregation, written by a certain Kubbi Albo in 5517 (1080); another scroll, by llitvyim Israel Galipaptt, a rabbi of the seventeenth century; and a set of silver "bells" for tho scrolls, presented to the synagogue in 1774 by ouo Abraham Sedi. Strange to say, the Jews of Ba/.arjik have preserved no chronicle of any important events in their history. The native Mussulmans of Talarorigin hence the name " Tatar Bazar jik" terrorized Bulgarians and Jews indill'erently. During the Busso-Turkish war (1877-78), the Jews of Bazarjik, having been descried by the Turkish garrison, made their pence with the Russian general uel



—

—

Gourko. a

is Menahem Finzi, He succeeded bis father who was tho author of

The

present (1902) chief rabbi

man

of

advanced

Jacob Finzi

(

years.

1773-18-18),

"Zekuf Abot," a work printed in Belgrade by Moses This work is a commentary upon the Alcalai. "Ethics of the Fathers." Bazarjik has two Jewish schools (one attended by 182 boys and the other by 298 girls), both founded and supported by the Alliance Israelite Universelle. The Alliance has likewise cared for the apprenticeship of Jewish boys to various trades; so that the town contains Jewish blacksmiths, saddlers, joiners, The main busitailors, shoemakers, and tinsmiths. ness, however, in which the Ba/.arjik Jews engage In general the is the wholesale commerce in grain. Jewish residents are in comfortable circumstances, each family being independent and owning its own Even the buildings occupied by the local house. government administration, such as the courthouse, post-office, telegraph-ollice, and public bath, are owned bv Jews.

M.

„.

was

born in Bayreuth; and llof rath Dr. Engelmann, for a long period director of the district home for tho Among the living are; Dr. Stein, surgeoninsano. in

rlr mil (llinlrilMni, 1HI",, III. ,d mq. ,<inrh.i)rr .u,J,ii mi Minmdiiini VUixIriilluwi Anslnirh, Aii.slnwh

l.o

which one hundred and thirteen were. at Baicrsdorf. A census taken in 1787 shows that their number had risen to

Bayreuth Baze

BAZE,

ABRAHAM DE



A

Fit.

prominent Jew in

the principality of Orange, Burgundy, at the beginning of the sixteenth century. When the Jews were forced by a decree of Philibert of Luxemburg (is-

sued at Courthc/.on April 20, 1505) to quit Orange, a period of four months was accorded, during which they could reenlei the principality, without, however, being allowed to pass he night 1 here. Abraham t