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THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Bauer exchanged the bishopric

came a

for the turf,

and

fancier of race-horses.

Baumgarten is the author of a Hebrew poem on the occasion of the escape of Emperor Francis Joseph

P Hy Sumter. H~ a t 4,0; La Grande

from assassination, Vienna, 1853; a German translation of Bahya's "Duties of the Heart," with the Hebrew text, Vienna, 1854; "Ruth, a Hebrew Epic," Vienna, 1865; "Einige Worte i'lber den Weinhandel und die Weinkultur in Oesterreich, " Vienna, 1866. He edited: " Blutbeschuldigung Gegen die Juden, von Christlicher Seite Beurtlieilt," Vienna, 1883;

be-

Besides the lectures mentioned, he published a series of sermons, " Le But de la Vie"' (1869), and a pamphlet, "Napoleon III. et l'Europe en. 1867." BI

ogi

i%L

laatj, p.

s



1"

-A-lla.

'/"At. den s.v.

Jtulcnthums,

Encyclopedic,

A. F.

-

BAUER, MORITZ:

Austrian physician; specialist in vaccination born at Vienna Feb. 25, 1844. He received his education at his native town, where he attended the gymnasium and university. After obtaining his doctorate in 1870, he was appointed physician of the Wiedener Hospital, but resigned the position in 1872 to engage in private practise. He was a member of the chamber of alder;

men

for the district of and since 1883 has

Margarethen from 1882 to been secretary of the Medizinische Doctoren-Collegium. Bauer has paid especial attention to vaccination, in which field he is recognized as an authority. He has added to his local reputation by the establishment of an institute for animal vaccine. Bauer's manifold experiences in vaccination have been embodied in his work " Die Schutzpocken-Impfung und Hire Technik, mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung der Impfschaden, Hirer Verhiitung und Behandlung," Stuttgart, 1890. s. F. T. H. 1885,

Bauer Bausk

BAUMGARTEN,

KAROLY

B.



born at Budapest Sept. 21, brother of Isidor Baumgarten. From 1876 to 1892 he practised law in Budapest, at the same time editing the technical journal "Buntetb Jog Tara." In 1892 he became judge of the Court of Commerce and Exchange in Budapest and president of the Appellate Council, in which capacity he exercised a powerful influence upon the development of the judicature. In 1898 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court at Budapest. Bibliography





Pallax Lexicon.

M.

s.

W.

BATJMGARTEN, EMANUEL:

Austrian author and communal worker; born in Kremsier Jan. In his youth he frequented various yeshi15, 1828. bot, acquiring secular learning in private; and in 1848 he went to Vienna, where he devoted himself to commercial life, at the same time attending lectures at the university. Baumgarten was elected to the Sechshaus municipal board in 1861, being one of the first Jews in Austria to be elected to such an office he was made warden of the temple of Vienna in 1870; and was in 1872 elected a member of the board of the Jewish congregation of that city, in which capacity lie displayed a great and beneficent activity. A prominent part was taken by him in the foundation of the Bet ha-Midrash in Vienna, in which such men as Isaac H. Weiss and M. Friedmann found an opportunity to develop their talents and he was one of the founders of the Israelittschb Allianz and represented the congregation in the The emperor honored state's boards of education. him by granting him an order of merit; and on the occasion of his seventieth birthday he was the re;



cipient of enthusiastic ovations.

Aussee, which was destroyed because of' false accusations preferred by a Catholic priest, Berlin, 1895;

"Gutmeinung uber den Talmud der Hebraer von Carolus Fischer," Vienna, 1883; Benjamin Israel Frankel's "Yeshu'at Israel," memoirs relating the history of the Jews in Moravia during the wars between Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa, Ber" Maria- Theresia's Ernennungsdekret lin, 1898 f ilr den Mahrischen Landesrabbiner Gerson Chajes," Berlin, 1899; "Zur Mahrisch-Ausseer Affaire," Breslau, 1901. He was also a frequent contributor to the

daily press of Vienna and to Jewish periodicals printed in German and Hebrew.

Bibliography

Write Frrie Prezse, Vienna, January Ha-Zclirah, Warsaw, Feb. 12, 1898.

14, 1898:

D.

s-

BAUMGARTEN, ISIDOR: born March

Hungarian 1853, where he

jurist;

also finished his education

"Megillat Sedarim," being Abraham ben Mordecai's memoirs, l elating the history of the synagogue of

27, 1850,

Hungarian jurist; at Budapest, where he com-

pleted his education. Upon his graduation as doctor of law he resided abroad for several years. In 1882 he was admitted to the bar, and in 1885 became a lecturer on criminal jurisprudence at the University of

Budapest.

He

later entered the service of the

state as assistant district attorney



and

in 1886

was

appointed judge (Gerichtshofrichter) of the Court of Budapest, and in 1896 district attorney, which position he held until 1898, when he received the appointment of chief of division (Sectionsrath) in the royal Ministry of Justice. As such he actively participated in the formulation of the new process of legal procedure, particularly distinguishing himself in the debates on the projected supplementary laws to the penal code, and in the organization of the International Congress on Criminal Procedure, held at Budapest in 1899. Baumgarten is one of the most distinguished jurists of Hungary. His works are; "A Kiserlet Tana," 1885, highly praised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; "A Tett Azonossag Kerdesehez," 1889 " A Kettos Hazassag Elevlilesenek Kerdesehez, " 1886 " Az Elozetes Letartoztatas es Vizsgillati Fogsagrol," 1890; etc., etc. Baumgarten is also a frequent contributor to publications on jurispru;



dence.

Bibliography: Pollux Lexicon; Szinnyei, Magyar Irok Ttira; Magyar KDiuiehzd, lsur^-sii, 1889.

M. W.

s.

BAUSK ment

or

BAUSKE

of Courland, Russia.



District town, govern-

According to the census

of 1897 the population was 6,543, including some The principal occupations of three thousand Jews. the latter are commerce and handicrafts, Jewish artisans numbering 295. About 150 families yearly re-

Two government and three ceive alms at Passover. private schools are attended by 50 Jewish pupils;