Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/650

600 Bauer

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Bausk

"Deutsche Jahrbucher,' 1842, on the Jewish question, afterward republished with additions, as a separate book under the title " Die Judenfrage," Brunswick, 1843, in which he sides with the bitterest enemies of the Jews. He finds the con-

article in the

7

Jews by the Christian state He declares that by their loy-

tinual oppression of the

perfectly justified.

own history they stand in opposition to the powers that be, because religion and race force them to live in perpetual separation from the rest of mankind, and that the fact of their being Jews prevents them from being perfect men. Judaism, whether it be based on the Mosaic or the Talmudic law, has, in Bauer's opinion, no claim to a share in the world's progress and freedom; since, by its very nature, it is " stability immovable as the hills. " Nor, indeed, says he, have the Jews ever contributed anything to the work of civilization Spinoza was no longer a Jew when he wrote his " Ethics " and

alty to their





Maimonides and Mendelssohn were no thinkers at all. He ridicules the Reform movement among the modern Jews, and denies them the very right of Thus, in his opinion, there is absolutely no salvation for the Jew, not even if he should join the Christian majority. Bauer's mode of dealing with the Jewish question is significant as an instance of German liberalism. A similar artimodernization.

by him in Wagener's "Staatslexikon," reprinted pamphlet form under the title " Das Judenthum in der Fremde," Berlin, 1863, is characterized by the writer of the article on Bauer in Herzog-Hauck's " Real-Encyklopadie," 1897, as " rich in contents and noteworthy" whereas Steinschneider, in his " Hebracle

in



ische Bibliographic, " vi. 6, deplores the fact that "a liberal man of originally eminent talent could

sink so low as to lend his name to such twaddle. Bauer's attack on the Jews evoked replies from Gabriel Riesscr in Weil's " Constitutionelle Jalirbucher," ii. and iii. Samuel Hirsch, "Das Judenthum, der Christliche Staat und die Moderne Kritik, Briefe zur Beleuchtung der Judenfrage," Leipsic, 1843; G. Salomon, "Bruno Bauer und Seine Gehaltlose Kritik," 1843; W. Freund, "Zur Judenfrage," 1843; S. Holdheim, in his "Autonomic der Rabbiner, 1843; K. Gruen, " Gegen B. Bauer," Darmstadt, 1844 and last, but not least, from Abraham Geiger, in his " Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift fur Judische Theologie," v. 199-259, 325-371— a rich literature which contains valuable material for the history of Jewish emancipation and reform.

600

twenty-three volumes on Old Testament subjects These, though meritorious for their time, were essentially compilatory and lacking in original ideas, and consequently did not exert a lasting alone.

influence.

Bauer's name deserves to be rescued from oblivion because he was the first scholar to produce a theology of the Old Testament. His work, "Theologie des Alten Testaments," appeared anonymously in 1796, and was based on the program of his Altdorf colleague. Johaim Philipp Gabler, "De Justo Piscrimine Theologian Biblical et Dogmatica? Regundisque Recte Utriusque Pinibus" (1787). It was followed by "Beilagen zur Theologie des Alten Testaments (1801) " Hebrilische Mythologie " (1802) "Biblische Moral des Alten Testaments"; and "Breviarium Theologite Biblices," the last-named work being a summary of the conclusions contained in his other works.

Bibliography:

Herzog-Hauck, Real - Enei/khipiiilie oemcine Deutsche. Bi.oyra pli ic, ii. 143-145.

K.

T.

BAUER, JULIUS at Raab-Sziget,



Austrian humorist

Hungary, Oct.

15, 1853.



II.



All-

C.

born

Bauer was

educated at home until 1873, when he went to Vienna to study medicine. Being poor, he wrote for the local comic papers, and, to his surprise, did so well that he forsook medicine for journalism. For some time he lived in quiet obscurity, when one of a series of satirical articles in a Vienna paper, signed " Don Spavento, " drew attention to Bauer and enabled him to gain a firm foothold in the literary world. In 1879 he became the dramatic editor of the "Wiener Extrablatt," in which he published among other articles a satire on Jokai's " Der Goldmensch, " which induced Dii cctor Jauner, of the Theater an der Wien, to engage Bauer as librettist. In this capacity he wrote jointly with Hugo Wittmann the libretti for Millockcr's "Der Hofnarr"; "Die Sieben Schwaben " "Der Arme Jonathan," and "Das Sonntagskind " as well as "Die Wie nerstadt in "Wort und Bild " (farce); "Zur Hebung



des Fremdenverkehrs schleiss."

He wrote

(farce);

"

also a

"Im

number

Zeitungsverof topical satires

and poems.



Bibliography

Herzog-Hauck's Real-EncijklnplMie, s. v. Bauer, Brvim; Jost, Neucre Geseli.der Isracltten, i. 301304 Jt. Isler, in Gabriel Riesser's (iesam melte Scliriftcn, 1867, i. 364-366. For a very instructive critique by Steihthal of Bauer's Phtto und Christus, from a Jewisb point of view, see Lazarus and Steintbal, Zeitschr. fllr VOlkerpsuchnlngie



und SpracliwUmnschafU

1878. x. 409-409.

K.

S.

BAUER, GEORGE LORENZ

Christian author of a theology of the Old Testament born at Hippolstein, Bavaria, Aug. 14, 1755; died Jan. 13, 1806. In 1789 he was appointed professor of philosophy and Oriental languages at the University of Altdorf, and in 1805 professor at the University of Heidelberg, where he died. He was one of the most scholarly and active advocates of the rationalism of the "Period of Enlightenment." He published



Bibliography



Meyer, Kmircisalii,

berg, Z>as (icixtifjc

Wien,

p.

.ilium, p. 567; Eisen-


 * i0.

E. Ms.

s.

BAUER, MARIE-BERNARD:

Chaplain of

the Tuileries, Paris; born 1829 at Budapest, Hungary died 1898. Through the Carmelite priest Augustin (whose actual name was Hermann Cohen), Bauer, after an adventurous youth in which he tried

of metiers, including painting and photography, became a convert to Catholicism in Paris and a member of the Carmelite Order, which he, however, left later. He distinguished himself as a pulpit orator, first at Vienna, where he delivered a series of addresses, which were published (1866) under the title "Le Judai'sme Comme Preuve du Christianisme." Eventually he attained to the rank of a bishop. In 1867 he became father confessor to the Empress Eugenie. On Nov. 17, 1869, he delivered the dedicatory address at the opening of the Suez canal. After the downfall of the empire, all sorts