Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/623

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Basel Program

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Bibliography poranea,



1844,

terartsches

Ignacio Cantu, L'ltalia Scienttfiea CnntemPoggendorff, Biographisch-Lipp. 55, 56

HandwOrterbuch,

111.

TO.

E. Ms.

s.

BASEVI, GEORGE (JOSHUA):

Architect;

in London in 1794; died at Ely in 1845. He was the son of George Basevi, whose sister, Maria, had married Isaac Disraeli and was the mother of

born

the earl of Beaconsfield. Educated at first by Dr. at Greenwich in 1811, Basevi became a pupil of Sir John Soane, the architect and antiquary; made a tour in 1816 through Italy and Greece, and returned to England in 1819. In 1821 he was appointed surveyor to the Guardian Assurance Company, and for the next few years was engaged in the construction and superintendence of two churches, and of the houses in Belgrave square. He was almost the last and one of the best of the school that sought for inspiration in the architecture of imperial Rome, before the influence of Pugin turned the fashion in favor of Gothic. His best work was the Fitz-

Burney

Museum at Cambridge (see illustration on p. and carried out in the best classical style (1837). He erected a prison at Wisbeach, and enlarged one at Ely. With Sydney Smith he was associated from william

472),

1843 to 1845 in the construction of the Conservative Club-House, London. In the latter year the same architects undertook the rebuilding of the Carlton Club premises. Basevi died from an accident Oct. 16, He was 1845, before he had started on the work. inspecting the bell-tower of Ely Cathedral when he fell and was killed instantly. He was buried in the chapel at the east end of the cathedral.

Bibliography



Diet, of National Biography,

Sketches of Anglo-Jew. History tural Publication Society, 1853.



s.v.; Picolotto,

Dictionary of Architec-

G. L.

j.

BASEVI, JOACHIM:

Italian

jurisconsult;

born at Mantua 1780 died at Milan 1867. His intelligence and culture procured him so much celebrity that he was chosen to defend Andreas Hofer, the Swiss patriot, before the court martial. When the Austrian government displaced the French government, Basevi went to Milan, where he remained till His principal works are " Dello Scioglihis death.



Feudi nel Territorio della Repubblica Cisalpina " (1844) " II Commento al Codice Civile Austriaco" (passed through seven editions from 1845 to 1857) " II Trattato delle Leggi Astinenti al Processo Civile," 1850; and "II Commento alia Legge di Cam-

mento

dei



Bashemath

The land was probably rather well settled in 13). early times, since Deut. iii. 4 speaks of sixty cities; there are many ruins remaining to this day. The names of very few cities have, however, been preserved. Edrei (Deut. i. 4; iii. 1, 10; Josh. xii. 4;

Num.

was the scene which ended in the defeat of Og, and gave the Hebrews possession of the land. It is now xxi. 33), apparently a royal city,

of the battle

known

as "Ed-deraah." Generally mentioned in connection with Edrei is another royal city, Ashtaroth, perhaps the modern Tell-Ashtera. Golan was set aside by Joshua as a city of refuge (Josh. xx. 8), and was held by the Gershon brancli of the Levites (Josh. xxi. 27 I Chron. vi. 56). Of Salecah nothing is known but the fact that it was a boundary city (Josh. xii. 5; Deut. iii. 10; Josh. xiii. 11). The land of Bashan is characterized by its volcanic formation: the hills have craters and are picturesquely called " bar gabnunnim " (mountain of summits; A. V. "high hills," Ps. Ixviii. 16). The soil provides excellent pasture for is very fertile and flocks, which in ancient times were noted for their size and breed (Deut. xxxii. 14). The powerful cattle of Bashan are referred to in the orations of the Prophets as designations for the strong, overbearing inhabitants of Samaria (Amosiv. 1), and for wicked people In the eastern portion oaks in general (Ps. xxii. 13). grew quite plentifully (Isa. ii. 13), and were used in making oars for the Tyrian trade (Ezek. xxvii. 6). In figurative language, Bashan is often linked with the Lebanon and Carmel as designative of mourning (Zech. xi. 2), languishing (Nahum i. 4), or casting

away

its fruit (Isa. xxxiii. 9).

According to Biblical tradition, Bashan was conquered from the mythical Og by the Hebrews in the days of Moses, and was handed over to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Deut. iii. 13; Josh. xiii. 29; I Chron. According to I Chron. v. 11, Gad also had v. 23). some' land in Bashan, but this late passage is hardly In Solomon's reign a commissufficient evidence. sariat officer was stationed in Bashan (I Kings i v. 13, In the days of Jehu, Hazael began to devastate 19). the land (II Kings x. 33), but in the invasion of Tiglath-pileser (II Kings xv. 29) it is not mentioned. See G. A. Smith, " Historical Geography of the Holy Land," eh. xxvii. The name gave rise to the Greek "Batana^a" and to the modern Arabic "Butbaniyatun."



bio Austriaco. Bibliography Private sources.

M. Bo.

s.

BASH AN or HA-BASHAN

("fertile, stoneless

The

tract of country north of Gilead, the Yarmuk being the dividing-line. It stretches eastward along this southern limit as far as Salchah or

ground

");

Salecah (Deut. iii. 10), the modern Salkhat; thence northward to Hermon (Deut. iii. 8, iv. 47), which may be inferred from the passage in Deut. xxxiii. 22, which speaks of Dan leaping from Bashan, and referring to the time when Dan had emigrated In the west, Bashan did not to the extreme north.

extend quite to the Jordan; the territory of the Maachathites and the Geshurites intervening between it

and the

river (Deut.

iii.

14; Josh. xii.

5, xiii. 11,

j.

G. B. L.

jr.

BASHAR BEN PINHAS. See Ibn Shuaihs. BASHEMATH, BASMATH (R. V., BASEMATH) 1. One of the wives of Esau. In Gen.

described as "the daughter of Elon According to the same source, Esau had another wife, Mahalath, the daughter of Ishbut in Gen. xxxvi. 2 mael, the sister of Nebajoth the first of Esau's wives is stated to be Adah, "the daughter of Elon the Hittite," and Bashemath is described as the daughter of Ishmael, the sister of Nebajoth. The Samaritan text avoids the conflict between the different narratives by substituting Mahalath for Bashemath in Gen. xxxvi. 2. A daughter of Solomon, and wife of Ahimaaz. The latter was one of the twelve purveyors for the xxvi. 34 she

is

the Hittite."