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566 Basch Basel

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

institute at Zurich (1867-72),

diploma as engineer.

where he obtained

He devoted

his

himself, however,

exclusively to painting, and became first a dayscholar at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts at Paris (187374), and afterward a pupil of T. Paczka (1885) and of the painter L. Horovitz in Budapest (1888), finally occupying himself with genre and portrait painting. His principal works are "Habt Acht!" "Die Erste Uniform," "More Patrio," and "Nie!" Among his portraits are those of the cellist David Popper, and the Hungarian statesman Dr. Max Palk.

Bibliography



Pallas Lexikon.

M. W.

s.

BASCH, RAPHAEL:

and born at Prague, Bohemia, in 1813. After acquiring at that city a thorough familiarity with Hebrew and the Talmud, and with classics and philosophy, he went as teacher in the primary school of Presburg, which had been founded by progressive Jews, admirers of Moses Mendelssohn, in opposition to the Orthodox Jews there. At the first disturbances preliminary to the Revolution of 1848, he went to Vienna, and took an active part in the insurrection. Here he founded the " Reichstagblatt, which he continued at Kremsier until the dissolution of the Constitutional Assembly, in March, 1849. Austrian

writer

politician;

He

then joined the

staff of

the

"

Oesterreichische

Post" of Vienna, which he represented at Berlin; subsequently he was the Paris correspondent of several papers. He returned to Vienna in 1855 and as-

sumed

the editorship of the " Oesterreichische Zei-

tuug," occupying a position of importance as the official mouthpiece of the minister Bruck, the opponent of the clerical minister Bach. After the promulgation of the constitution of Feb. 26, 1861, he acted in a similar capacity to the Schmerling ministry, with which political party he remained connected until its fall. Until 1875 Basch was engaged only in economic questions, but in that year he returned to political journalism. He represented the " Neue Freie Presse " at Paris and in close fellowship with Thiers, Gambetta, and Barthelemy St.-Hilaire he defended the republican policy against the men of the 16th of May. In 1883 he retired from journalism, but remained at Paris. He has published a number of political pamphlets two of these, entitled " Deutsch;



land, Oesterreich,

mid Europa, "and " Oesterreich und

—

das Nationalit&tenrecht, " Stuttgart, 1870 which appeared under the pseudonym " Em Altoesterreicher " created, on their appearance, a great sensation in

—

Austria.

V. B.

s.

BASCH, SAMUEL SIEGFRIED

RITTER VON:

KARL

Austrian

physician; born at 1837; best known as the body-phy-

Prague Sept. 9, sician of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. Basch was educated at the universities of Prague and Vienna. In 1857 he studied chemistry at the laboratory of Brttcke, in Vienna, and five years later began the practise of medicine. From that time until 1865 he was assistant to Dittel, Jilger, Turk, Kolisko, and Haller in their lectures at the University In the last-named year Basch was apof Vienna. pointed chief surgeon of the military hospital at

566

Pueblo, Mexico, and soon after he was called to Maximilian's side remaining with the unfortunate monarch for ten months, until his death, June 19,

1867.

When, few days

at Queretaro, Maximilian realized that a at the most would decide his fate, he com-

Basch, Lieutenant Pitner, and Major Becker to keep daily records of all that happened. At the time when the emperor and his entourage were betrayed to Juarez by Lopez, May 14, 1867, Basch lost most of his memoranda, saving only cursory notes. When the alarm was sounded, Basch rushed to saddle his horse, but was at once overpowered by the Mexicans. After the execution of Maximilian he took charge of the body and returned to Austria with it'(Nov. 26, 1867) on the "Elizabeth." In 1870 Basch was appointed lecturer on experimental pathology at the University of Vienna, and in 1877 assistant professor. He was ennobled by Emperor Franz Joseph for his share in Maximilian's

missioned

enterprise.

Basch's best-known work is "Erinnerungen aus " (1868), written at the request of Maximilian. In addition, he has written for technical journals a number of articles on the histology of the duodenum, the anatomy of the bladder, and the phys-

Mexico

iological effects of hicotin.

Bibliography: Bosch, Erinnerungen aus Mexico, 1868; Pagel, Biog. Lexihun Hcnwragentler Aerzte, 1901, p. 99; Wernich and Hirsch, Hioa. Lcxilwn Hcrvorragendcr Aerzte, 1884,

i.

319.

E. Ms.

S.

VICTOR

BASCH, Professor of philosophy at the University of Rennes born at Budapest, Hungary, in 1863; son of Raphael Basch. Removing in childhood to France, he studied at the Sorbonne in 1885 lie was appointed professor at the Universit}' of Nancy, and in 1887 at the University of Rennes. During the Dreyfus affair he was the leader of the Dreyf usards at Rennes, who were placed in a serious and difficult position when the case was tried in that city. Basch as a Jew and a Dreyfusard was subjected to downright persecution at the hands of the fanatical anti-Semitic populace; but he championed the cause of his race and fought and suffered for the principles of legal and social justice. His published works include an important study, "L'Esthetique de Kant," Paris, 1896; the first volume of a work in four volumes on the history of esthetics " Poetique de Schiller " "La Vie Intellectuelle a l'Etranger"; "Les Origines de l'lndividualisrae Moderne." He also contributes frequently to the " Sificle " and the " Grande Revue " of Paris. S.







BASCHWITZ

A

family of printers, of which the following were the most prominent members:

1. Mei'r Baschwitz Born at Dyhernf urth son of Zebi Hirsch ben Mei'r (No. 2). In 1731-32 he worked in the establishment of Israel b. Abraham in



Wandsbeck, near Hamburg, and

after 1733 in Berpublished a prayer-book in 1742. Until 1782 he was engaged partly in Berlin and partly in Franklin.

He

fort-on-the-Oder, so that his career as a printer extends over a period of nearly fifty years.

2. Zebi

(Hirsch) b. Mei'r Baschwitz: Born