Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/611

561 561

mitted to remain and to continue unmolested in his occupation, in spite of the fact that his case had been turned over to the court of " secret investigation cases." In the reign of Catherine I. the order was issued to expel him from Russia. Long after the above-described incident had been forgotten, he had to pay the penalty in a tragic manner for his zeal as a Jew. In 1783 an officer in the navy, named Voznitzyn, was accused of " having been converted to Judaism and circumcised by the Jew Baruch Leibov in the town of Dubrovna, government of Mohilev, in the house of the Jew Maier, the son of Baruch. The accusation was brought conjointly against Voznitzyn and Baruch, and both perished at the stake. It would appear that those who conducted the prosecution had doubts as to the legality of the sentence, which was executed at the mandate of the Empress Anna. The case is unique in Russian history, and it was the cause of repressive measures against the Jews under Anna Ivanovna in 1739, and under Elizabeth Petrovna in 1740. Bibliography mk Zakonov

V. O. Levanda, Polnv Chronologicheslti Sbor(1649-1873), etc., pp. 10-14, St. Petersburg, 1874



Polnoe, Sobranie Zaknnov, No. 7612



N. Gradovski, Otnns-

heniya k Yevreyam v Drevnel i Sovremennoi Bust, vol. 1., St. Petersburg. 1891 N. Golitzyn, Istoriya Busskavo Zako;

nodateMva

o Yevregakl), St. Petersburg, 1886; Solovyev, Isloria Rossii, xli., ill., edition of Obshchestvennaya Polza, p. 1519.

H. R.

BARUCH, LOEB. See Borne, Ludwig. BARUCH B. MOSES OF PROSSNITZ. Christiani, F. A. B. nazim at Constantinople or in

SAMUEL

BARUCH



See

Rabbi of the Ashke-

its

neighborhood, in the

last half of the sixteenth century. in the responsa " Ohole Tarn " of

He

mentioned Tarn ben Yahya, is

with whom he carried on a learned correspondence (ib. Nos. 44, 45). Bibliography: Michael, Or ha-Hayyim, No.

638.

M. B.

g.

BARUCH Mayence, Talmudist

B.

Is

feeling, thought, and action, ever sure to learn."

Baruch, the subject of this article, should not be confounded with Baruch of Greece, a Tosafist quoted several times in the Tosafot and in Mordecai (compare Tosafists). Bibliography: Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ed. Wilna, i. 38; Kohn, Mordecai hen HUM, p. KB Michael, Or ha-Hayyim,

Gratz (who, without good reason, considered the payyetan Baruch, who died in 1281, as not Identical with Baruch, author of Sefer ha-Hokmah, who, according to Gratz, was still living iu 1223)', Qesch. der Juden,vii. 21; Zunz, S. P. pp. 268-27(1 (contains a translation of two pieces); idem, Literaturaeseh. pp. 306-3(19; idem, Z. O. pp. 54, 55,59, 193; idem, Mnnatstage, xxii. Landshuth, Ammude haNo. 637





'A bodali, p. 55.

L. G.

BARUCH

SAMUEL ZANWILL

B. HALEVI An Austrian rabbi of the eighteenth century; born at Leipnik, Moravia; officiated at Semlin, Croatia. He was the author of "Zera' Shemuel" (Samuel's Seed), containing novellas on the treatise Ketubot, Vienna, 1796. He also left, under the title "Le-David Baruk," a work containing comments on This latter the Psalms as well as some homilies. work has not been published.

Bibliography: Steinschneider. Cat. Bodl. Ozar ha-Sefarim, p. 163.

col.

775; Benjacob,

M. B.

g.

BARUCH, SIMON

born educated at Emigrating at an the Royal Gymnasium, Posen. early age to America, he studied at the medical colleges of South Carolina and Virginia, obtaining his diploma in 1862. He immediately entered the Confederate army, serving for three years at the front

American physician

in all the battles of the

He was twice captured,

the rabbinic civil law. His "Scfer ha-Hokmah" (Book of Wisdom), still extant in the time of Bezalel

Abraham Ashkenazi, but now

lost,

appears also

Early have been largely legal in character. writers cite also a commentary by Baruch on the treatise Nedarim, which was lost at an early date. Of Baruch's poetical activity more is known. His penitential poems and dirges, as well as his hymns for the Sabbath and for weddings, which made him one of the most popular of the payyetanim, were incorporated into the German and the Polish rituals. to

_

Baruch displays a great command of language; the in particular,

being frequently character-



at Schwersenz, Prussia, July 29, 1840;

northern Virgiuia.

Solomon ha-Kohen of Mayence and of Eliezer b. Samuel of Metz; the judicial sentences of both of whom he frequently cites. Baruch was one of the most eminent German rabbis of his time, and one of the leaders of the rabbinical synod of Mayence in Several of his responsa have been preserved 1220. in the German collections; most of them refer to

II.— 36

Who all my

and participating

b.

selihot,

"Jeshurun's God, beyond compare, Enthroned above the clouds. Who dwelleth in the heavens high, Yet still on earth is ever nigh Mid tears and sadness, songs and gladness, To Him my gaze I turn,

him from Baruch b. Isaac) prolific "payyetan"; nourished

to distinguish

and

by genuine poetic fervor. The following is a specimen of these poems, translated into English from a German version by Zunz

ized

SAMUEL (also called Baruch. of

at the beginning of the thirteenth century; died at Mayence April 25, 1221. He was a pupil of Moses

b.

Baruch, Jacob Baruch, Simon

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Mountain and at Gettysburg.

Serves in the Civil

War.

army at

of

South

Among

his contributions to the literature of

military surgery, an essay on "Bayonet Wounds " attracted much attenAt the close of the war he organtion.

was in charge of the General Hospital at Thomasville, N. C. In 1874 Baruch was elected president of the State Medical Association of South Carolina, and in 1880 was appointed on the state board of health, as chairman of which he made a report on vaccination, which resulted in the first legislative action on the

ized and

subject in the state. In 1881 Baruch removed to New York, and later became consulting physician and surgeon to the New York Juvenile Asylum, a position he held for

many

years.

Baruch's contributions to medicine have been chiefly in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. His principal writings are on malarial diseases, appendicitis, diseases

of childhood,

and the uses of

water in medicine.

Baruch

in 1881 investigated the subject of malaria.