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560 Baruoh, Jacob Baruch, Simon

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

of the New York Public Library, it seems that he went to Sluzk, where he became physician to Prince Radziwil and also served as dayyan of that town, where he died at an advanced age.

ment

Although Baruch surpassed in secular learning most of the early " maskilim," or pioneers of enlightenment in Russia, he must be classed with the strictly conservative, and his bitter personal attack in the preface of the " Keneh ha-Middah " on Azariah dei Kossi for radical views on the Jewish calendar is a good instance of the intolerance prevalent in those days, even among the educated. Baruch was a great admirer of the famous Elijah, gaon of Wilna, who declared that most works on science ought to be translated from other languages into Hebrew, so that in the words of Daniel " many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased

—

—

(preface to translation of Euclid).

Baruch's descendants adopted the family name, Baruchin, probably to denote their descent from Baruch, who himself sometimes added " Schick " or p"^ to his name, which in many cases denotes descent from Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen

Compare Guenzburg, Family

(1521-97).

of.

Bibliography Trankel, in Literaturblatt des Orients, ix. 134; Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 197 idem, Self ah le'Neemanim, p. 139; Furst, Bibl. Jud. iii. 344; Landshuth, Toledot



Anshe

was a descendant of an old Judseo-Spanish family, and probably settled in Italy after the banishment of the Jews from Spain. When he was twenty-three years old, he began to publish useful works on the Talmud, in which he displayed vast erudition. These works are (1) " Massoret ha-Shas " or " Massoret ha-Talmud " (The Masorah of the Talmud), an index of the parallel passages of the Talmud and the halakic Midrashim (2) " 'En Mishpat, Ner Mizwah " (The Eye of the Law, the Light of the Precept), an index of the Talmudical Halakot quoted in Maimonides' " Yad ha-Hazakah" and in the Turim of Jacob benAsher; (3) ''Torah Or" (The Torah Is Light), an index of the Biblical passages mentioned in the Talmud. These three works were first published, together with the Talmud, at Venice, 1546-51; (4) "Kizzur Mordekai we-Simanaw," a compendium of Mordecai ben Hillel's halakic work arranged according to the order of the " Yad ha-Hazakah." The same work was also published (Sabionetta, 1554) under the title " Hikkur Dine Mordekai " (5) " Shilte





ha-Gibborim

a selection of critical notes on Alfasi's compendium of the Talmud, and on the " Mordekai. " This work bears also the title "Sefer ha-Mahloket." Bibliography Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. iii. 571-573 Azulai, Shem (Shields of Heroes),



ii.

141, 142



Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl.



Wl.

'al

Hadfasat ha-Talmud,

pp. 43-45.

L. G.

BARUCH, JACOB [KOHEN-ZEDEK] BEN MOSES HAYYIM: Editor at Leghorn during the latter part of the eighteenth century.

He

is

known

and editor of a little volume, " Shibhe Yerushalayim" (Praises of Jerusalem) or ' Shabbehi Yerushalayim " (Praise Ye, O Jerusalem, Ps. cxlvii. 12), on Jerusalem and the various Jewish centers in Palestine, especially on the graves and monuments of old Jewish worthies to be found The anonymous author has largely used the there. "Zikkaron Birushalayim " of Constantinople, 1743 (Benjacob, "Ozar ha-Sefarim,'' p. 158, n. 152). Attached to this is an account of the journey from Venice to Palestine of some great teacher, who, starting on 17th Elul (1521), passed through Polia, Corfu, Zante, Tripoli, Beirut, Zidon, Safed, Tyre, and visited all the places of Jewish interest in Palestine; noting the condition of the Jews there, and the various places held sacred an account of the Lost Ten Tribes and of Palestine, taken from the travels of Benjamin of Tudela. The work was first published in Leghorn, in 1785; then in Lemberg, 1799; Wilna, 1817 ;s.Z. 1826; Warsaw, 1840; Jitomir, 1860; s.l. 1862 ("Hebr. Bibl." vi. 4). From the prayers which he added to this collection, it is seen that Baruch was a especially as the compiler

col. 1554

Jud. i. 92; Mortara, Indice Alfabetico, p. 6; Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 672; Rabbinovicz, Ma'amar Furst, Bibl.



P.

"



ha-Qedolim,

ha-Sliem, pp. 83, 119 Zeitlin, Bibliotheca Hebraica, M. Mendelsohn, Pene Tebel, pp. 345-246. pp. 342-344 L. G.

560

I.

BB.

BARUCH LEIBOV- A

merchant who was burned at the stake in St. Petersburg July 15, 1738. He was one of the numerous Juda=o-Polish merchants of those times who, through their ability and the protection of the nobles, managed to carry on a lucrative business, and became influential even in centers where Jews in general were not allowed to dwell.

In 1722 a charge was brought by the merchants of Smolensk before the Holy Synod to the effect that the vice-governor of Smolensk, Prince Vasili Gagarin, had allowed Jews to lease taverns, to farm customs, and to engage in other pursuits and, furthermore, that the leaseholder Boroch (Baruch) Leibov had dared to insult the Christian religion by erecting a synagogue in the village of Zvyerovichi,

in

which he practises

lage priest,

it

his infidel religion. The vilwas charged, had been thrashed by



In 1790 he edited

cabalist of the school of Luria.

Leghorn excerpts from the " Heshek Shelomoh" of Johanan Allemanno, with additions from his own at

pen.

Bibliography:

Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. Nos. 4059, 5503; in Luncz, Jerusalem,, 1889, iii. (German part) 5, Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefarim, p. 563, No. 218 Furst, 9 Bibl. Judaica, i. 91 Zunz, Gesammelte Schriften, i. 179, 194.

idem, iv.







G.

BARUCH, JOSHUA BOAZ BEN SIMON BEN ABRAHAM A prominent Talmudist; lived

at Sabionetta, later at Savigliano



died in 1557.

He

Baruch, and even put into

irons, for

Complaint having delivered himself of Against terances against the Jewish

public ut-

Him.

faith,

and

that as a consequence of the outrage he had fallen ill and died. It has been conclusively shown that this accusation, which was brought by the merchants of Smolensk, was aimed against the Jews as a body; and that it was inspired by hatred of them as competitors in business. The Holy Synod gave orders to demolish the synagogue and to burn up the books and all the appurtenances connected with the " magical " teachings and practises of the Jews. These instructions were carried out to the letter; but the authorities, probably on technical grounds, declined to give effect to the order of the Holy Synod for the annulment of the leases held by the Jews, and for the expulsion of the Jews from the province. Baruch Leibov was per-