Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/531

481 481

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

been made to maintain Young Men's Hebrew assowhich existed from 1854 to 1860. At present there are several clubs, three with clubhouses, and a number of pleasure societies and literary and musical associations. There are three Zionist societies; a branch of the Alliance Israelite Universelle a section and a junior section of the Council of Jewish Women; six lodges of the Independent Order B'nai B'rith; three of the Independent Order B'rith Abraham one of the Independent Order Free Sons of Israel; three of the Independent Order Free Sons of Judah four of the Independent Order Sons of Benjamin; five of the Order Ahawas Israel seven of the Order B'rith Abraham and one of the Order Kesher Shel Barzel. The Jewish newspapers published in Baltimore have been the following: " Sinai " (a German periodical, edited by Dr. D. Einhorn, 1856-61, and one year in Philadelphia) " The Jewish Chronicle " (1875-77) ciations, the first of













"

Der Fortschritt " (Yiddish, June-July,

1890);

"Der

Baltimore Israelit " (Yiddish, 1891-93) " Ha-Pisgah " (Hebrew, 1891-93, continued in Chicago); "Jewish

Comment "

(1895)



and

"

Der Wegweiser " (Yiddish,

1896).

The Jews

of Baltimore have participated fully in of the town and the state, and have taken some part in national affairs. In the city,

the civic

life

Jews have

In Public

and Professional Life.

filled

numerous minor

of-

notably as councilmen, justices of the peace, supervisors of elections, and in the city law department, as well as on boards and special commis-

rices,

sions. Myer Block is judge of the Orphans' Court in Baltimore; Jacob H. Hollander

secretary to the International Bimetallic Commission, and the first treasurer of Porto Rico under American jurisdiction. Isidor Rayner served as representative in the fiftieth, the fifty-second, and the fifty -third congresses, after having sat in the House of Delegates and the Senate of the state at present

was



attorney-general of the state. Among the state senators have been Jacob M. Moses and Lewis Putzel and among the delegates the following Mendes I. Cohen, Martin Emerich, Harry A. Fuld, M.

he

is





Hess, Emanuel H. Jacobi, Martin Lehmayer, Lewis Putzel, and Charles J. Wiener. In the business world the Jews of Baltimore occupy an imporThe clothing manufacturing trade is tant position. entirely in their hands, and to a great extent, they control the manufacture of all wearing apparel for men, including straw hats. Several of the largest department stores are conducted by Jews; and as financiers they bear an enviable reputation for probity and for a spirit of far-sighted and cautious S.

capacity of professors and instructors: J. J. Sylvester, Fabian Franklin, Abraham Cohen, Maurice Bloomfield, Cyrus Adler, J. H. Hollander, Simon Flexner, Caspar Levias, and William Rosenau; in the public schools upward of sixty Jewish teachers are emplo3 ed Ephraim Keyser has won reputation as a sculptor, and Mendes Cohen as a civil engineer. The wider educational life has found promoters among the Jews. Jacob I. Cohen, Jr., was active in the establishment of the public-school system of Baltimore; and his nephews were instrumental in placing in the Johns Hopkins University the " Cor



hen Collection of Egyptian Antiquities," collected by his brothei', Col. Mendes I. Cohen, in Egypt. At the same university Leopold Strouse established a rabbinical library, to which he makes annual additions', Mrs. S. L. Frank and Albert W. Rayner have founded a Semitic fellowship in memory of their father, William S. Rayner and Henry and Mrs. Sonneborn have presented the university with a collection of Jewish ceremonial objects. At the Cohen

residence is a library valuable to Bible students, collected by Dr. Joshua I. Cohen (a catalogue of this library, compiled by Cyrus Adler, was privately printed in 1887). Jews enlisted from Baltimore for service in each of Nathaniel Levy fought under the national wars. Lafayette in the campaign of 1781; and Reuben Etting (not the one mentioned above) Military was taken prisoner by the British at Charlestown. Among the defenders Services. of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, during the War of 1813-14, were the brothers MenIn the Mexican war, des I. and Philip I. Cohen. Moritz Henry Weil served as a private in Company A, Third Regiment, United States Artillery, and Louis Hamburger as a private in Company C, Balticompany of militia composed more Battalion. entirely of Jews was formed, with Levi Benjamin as first lieutenant; but it is not probable that it saw active service. In the Civil war there were as many Baltimore Jews in the Confederate as in the Federal army. Leopold Blumenberg served as brevet brigadier-general, United States Volunteers, Fifth Maryland Infantry (see S. Wolf, " The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier, and Citizen," pp. 199, 200, 412). To the Spanish-American war, Baltimore Jewry sent

A

due quota of soldiers (see Book," 5661, pp. 563-565).

its

"

American Jewish Year

A few street names reveal the early presence of Jews There are two alleys, each called " Jew alley, one in the eastern section of the city, on which the old burying-ground is situated; and the other in the western section, probably deriving its name from residences of Jews on Eutaw street Abraham street, in close proximity to the old burying-ground Cohen alley, so named from the residence of one of the Cohen brothers on Mulberry street; and Etting



enterprise.

Baltimore Jews have had prominent representaJewish physicians, men tives in all the professions. and women, have occupied positions as professors in the medical colleges, among whom may be mentioned A. B. Arnold, Joshua I. Cohen, Aaron Friedenwald, Harry Friedenwald, and Julius Friedenwald a few Jews have devoted themselves to the writing of medical and legal works there are Jewish journalists on the editorial staffs of several of the daily newspapers; the following Jews have been connected with Johns Hopkins University in the



II.— 31

Baltimore



obvious derivation. In 1825, while the "Jew Bill " was under discussion, Solomon Etting computed the number of Jews directory in Maryland to be 150: Statistics, of 1835 gives the names of 40 householders in Baltimore, identified as Jews by a Jewish resident whose memory goes back to To these can be added at least 15 more that year. street, of

A