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474 Ballaghi

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Balm

becomes a Christian, but is thrown by his inhuman father into a furnace, whence he is rescued by the Virgin Mary. Nearly forty different versions of this ballad are known: five in Greek, nineteen in Latin, eight in French, one in Spanish, two in German, two in Arabic, and one in Ethiopia Many of these are given and the rest referred to in G. Wolter, "Der Juden Knabe," in "Bibliotheca Normanica," No. 2, Halle, 1879. The original story appeared in Evagrius Scholasticus (died after 504), " Historia Ecclesiastica, " iv. 35,

whence

it

was taken

into

Gregory

of Tours

and probably from oral tradition into Botho's "Liber de Miraculis St. Marise Virginis." Besides the foregoing, the story of Shylock occurs in the "Ballad of Gernuto the Jew," in Percy's "Reliques of Ancient Poetiy." g.

J.

BALLAGHI, M.

BALLABAT:

See Bloch, M.

City

Victoria,

in

Australia.

Three years after the discovery of gold, in 1851, a congregation was formed with Henry Harris as president and Julius Wittowski as treasurer; and the Mount Zion synagogue was built the next year. In 1861 a more commodious building, which included rooms for a minister's residence and a Hebrew school, was erected at the corner of Barkly and Princess streets, on land granted by the government. The successive ministers have been Revs. S. Herman, I. Stone, D. Isaac Ollendorf, and I. M. Goldreich, the last of

whom was

installed in 1867.

The community

maintains a Philanthropic Society founded in 1857, which is affiliated with the Anglo-Jewish Association.

Bibliography



Harris,

Jewish Year Book,

BALLIN,

Si.

ADA SARA:

English author and England; educated at University College, London, where she obtained scholarships in Hebrew and German. She devoted herself to the subject of sanitation, and lectured for the National Health Society for several years. Mrs. Ballin devoted herself especially to the hygiene of children, and produced a monthly journal entitled "Baby, the Mother's Magazine," which is still current and which was followed by "Womanhood," an illustrated journal dealing with feminine matters in journalist; born in London,

general.

Mrs. Ballin has published an extensive series of works, the first of which was a " Hebrew Grammar with Exercises, " written conjointly with her brother, This was followed by " The Science of Dress 1881. in Theory and Practice," 1885; " Health and Beauty in Dress," 1892; "Personal Hygiene," 1894; "How to Peed Our Little Ones," 1895; "Bathing Exercise and Rest," 1896; " Early Education, " 1897; "Children's Ailments," 1898. Bibliography Jacobs, Jewish Year Booh, 1900, p. 247.



J.

BALLIN, JOEL

Danish engraver, born in Vejle, Jutland, March 22, 1822 died in Copenhagen,



March

He was

a son of a merchant, Joseph Ballin, and his wife, Ilanne Peiser. At the age of eleven he went to Copenhagen to study art in order to become a painter; but his studies at the Academy of Art progressed slowly, as he was obliged 21, 1885.

to work for his living, and he was twenty years old when he entered the modeling class. The year be-

had exhibited his painting, " The ProcesSynagogue at the Feast of Tabernacles." A new method of reproduction, "the chemitype," which was at that time invented, attracted Ballin's attention, as he hoped by the study of this specialty fore this he sion in the

to secure himself a position in the world.

he

Denmark and went

left

In 1846

to Leipsic to finish his

education but he soon saw that he had no prospect of reaching any degree of perfection in this branch of the art without a thorough study of engraving. Meanwhile he exhibited some samples of artistic



"chemitypes" which showed so much talent that the Danish government supplied him with sufficient means to go to Paris, where he arrived Oct. 5, 1848. He would probably never have left that city if the Franco-German war of 1870 had not forced him to

move

to

London.

In Paris he finished the studies of engraving that he had commenced in Leipsic, and in 1850 exhibited They attracted the attention of two engravings. the Academy of Art in Copenhagen, and he received from that institution 600 rigsdaler a year for two years, and in 1853 from the Danish government 350 rigsdaler. This recognition helped to make his fame, and to place him financially in such a position that in 1853 he was able to visit Copenhagen and marry Helene Levin. Ballin's first large engravings were Ostade's"Le Maitre d'Ecole " and Jean Victor's " A Young Girl. His publishers in Paris preferred to have the engravings made on steel plates, as these could stand a larger

56G2.

S.

j.

474

number

of impressions,

and Ballin

therefore

—

adopted a new method for the hard plates a method which he brought to such perfection that they could scarcely be distinguished from copper-plates. He took the gold medal of the third class at the Paris exhibition in 1861 and in 1862 he was made a knight of the Dannebrog, after having exhibited a large collection of engravings at the Charlottenborg exposition, Copenhagen. From 1870 to 1883 he lived in London, where he engraved Edward Long's "The Pool of Bethesda." This he sent to the Academy of Art in Copenhagen

acknowledgment of his election in 1877 to membership in that institution. In 1883 Ballin was called to Copenhagen to become a teacher of young engravers and to reproduce important Danish works of art. He did not, however, live long enough to become the founder of any in

artistic school.

His most important engravings from famous paintmentioned above, were Knaus's "The Baptism"; Gustave de Brion's "Saying Grace" and "The Wedding"; Protais' "Before the Battle" and "After the Battle"; and Carl Bloch 's "Bishop Ronnow Protected by Hans Tavsen," and Marstrand's "Christian IV. on His Ship Trefoldigheden."

ings, besides those

Bibliography



Bricka, Danslt Biograflsh Lexikon,

L.

s.

BALLIN, SAMUEL JACOB cian; born at

March

24,

Copenhagen, Oct.

1866.

N.

Danish physi-

21, 1802; died there the son of a merchant, his wife, Susanne Melchior.

He was

Jacob Levin Ballin, and