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THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

in 1860

he published three volumes of

and a

tales

number of romances. The more celebrated of these works are " Ein Urteil Washington's, " 2 vols. 1864

,

"Sybilla von Kleve," 3 vols., 1865; "Napoleon I. Letzte Liebe, " 6 vols. 1868 " Auf dem Wiener Kon,

gress," 4 vols., 1869;



"Prinzessin Sidonie," 3

vols.,

1870 and the tragedies, " Lady Seymour " and "Lucie." Bibliography: A. de Gubernatis, Dicliimnaire International ties Ecrivains du Jour, Florence, ]891; Adolph

Kohut, Berllhmte Israelitische Milliner

und Fraucn,

1901,

xi. 89.

B. B.

s.

Bacharaoh, Jair Baoher, Wilhelm

poems; and "Michtame Gleichenberg (Budapest, 1887), " inakamas " in the manner of Ludwig August Frankl. After Bacher's death his son Wilhelm published, under the title " Sha'ar Shim'on " (Vienna, 1894), a selection of Hebrew poems, culled from Bacher's printed works and from unpublished manuscripts, 1894, in three parts: the first of these contains his original poems the second, translations and the third, " Nathan der Weise. " The work is prefaced with a biography of Bacher and a chronological list of his works. Bibliography W. Bacher, in the introduction to his lather's Sha'ar Shim'on, 1894. I- G. E. N. Biblical





BACHER, SIMON: Feb.

1,

Neo-Hcbraic poet;

1823, in Lipto-Szent-Miklos,

Budapest Nov.

born

Hungary; died

Bacher, whose name was originally Bachraeh, came of a family of scholars, and counted as one of his ancestors the well-known Jair Hayyim Bacharacii. He studied Talmud in his native city, in Nikolsburg under Menahem Nahum Trebitsch, and under Moses Perles in Eisenstadt and Bonyhad. During this period Bacher was much influenced by the new movement of the Haskalah, and he also studied the secular sciences and literature. When nineteen years old Bacher returned to Miklos, where, despite the business in which he was engaged, he continued his studies with unremitting zeal. After many struggles Bacher in 1874 went to Budapest, where two years later he was appointed treasurer of the Jewish community. This office he held until he died. When a boy of eleven, Bacher had translated Gerat

9,

1891.

man poems

into Hebrew. Thus Schiller's "Lied von der Glocke " first came to be known to the scholars in Bonyhad, who were wholly engrossed with their Talmudic studies. Masters and pupils of the old renowned Talmudic schools were alike delighted with his verses. The events of his fatherland and of the Jewish community, festival days and days of mourning, jubilees and funerals, equally inspired his

He

celebrated scholars, preachers, statesmen and writers; and Jewish legends and history also provided subjects for his poems, in which were mingled reflections and expressions of sentiment, myths, and historical song.

orators, singers, philanthropists,

events.

In addition to short scientific and miscellaneous contributions to magazines the former consisting of linguistic studies on the Talmud and essa3r s in archeology Bacher wrote some short poems in German. But his place in Jewish literature was won Of almost equal rank chiefly by his Hebrew poetry. with his original poetic work are some of his translations into Hebrew of German, French, and HungaThe translations are classic in form, rian poems. and reproduce vividly the spirit of the original. Bacher contributed to many Jewish magazines, and wrote also a number of occasional poems pubAmong his longer works are the lished separately. following; Translations of Ludwig Philippson's tragedy " Jojachin," Vienna, 1860, and of Lessing's "Nathan der Weise," Vienna, 1866; "Zemirot ha'Arez " (H3'mns of the Land), Budapest, 1868, and " a collection of Hungarian poems: "Muzzal Me(!sh

—

—

(Saved from the Fire), Budapest, 1879, a collection of various original poems " Melek Ebyon " (The Poor King), Budapest, 1881, a collection of romantic

BACHER, WILHELM: Hungarian scholar and Orientalist; son of the Hebrew writer Simon; born in Lipto-SzentMiklos. Hungary, Jan. 12, 1850; he attended the

Hebrew

schools in

Szucsan and in his native town, and passed through the higher classes of the Evangelical

Lyceum

at Pres-

burg from 1863 to 1867, at the same time diligently prosecuting Talmudic studies. In 1867 he began the study of philosophy and of Oriental latter

—at

—

languages the under Vanibery the University of

Wilhelm Bacher.

Budapest, and also attended the lectures on the Talmud given by Samuel Lob Brill. In 1868, he went to Breslau, where he continued the study of philosophy and philology at the University, and that of theology at the Jewish-Theological Seminary. He graduated at the University of Leipsic in 1870. His graduation thesis, " Nizami's Leben und Werke, und der Zweite TheildesNizami'schen Alexanderbuches, " appeared in 1871, and was translated into English in 1873 by This was afterward incorporated in S. Robinson. the collection entitled " Persian Poetry for English Readers." In 1876, Bacher graduated as rabbi, and shortly afterward was appointed to the rabbinate in Szegedin, which had become vacant in consequence of the death of Leopold Low. On July 1, 1877, together with Moses Bloch and David Kaufmann, he was appointed by the Hungarian government to the professorship of the newly created Landesrabbinerschule of Budapest. This institution

was inaugurated Oct. 4, 1877, Bacher name of the faculty, and

delivering the address in the Official

since that time he has been teacher of the Biblical sciences, of Jewish his-

and of various other branches Bacher was for a 1878 field-chaplain in the Austro-Hungarian

Positions.

tory,

at that institution.

time in

army, being delegated to the headquarters of the army of occupation in Bosnia. The congregation of Pest appointed Bacher director of the Talmud-Torah School in 1885, and he has been connected with that In 1884 Bacher and Joseph institution ever since.