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duchy of Hesse, May 26, 1615. He seems to have come from the city of Worms, but is first met with at Prague,

where, in 1600, he married Eva, the granddaughter of the chief rabbi of Prague, L5we ben Bezalel. He was rabbi in Turbin, Kolin (Bohemia), and in Pohrlitz (Moravia); and was subsequently called to the ministry of the very important

congregation of Worms. One of the frequent riots against the Jews, instigated by the gilds, caused him to flee from the city. He died during exile, and was buried in Alsbach. Bacharach was respected for his learning and piety. He took a firm stand against the rabbis of Frankfort, who arrogated to themselves preeminence over all the other rabbis of Germany. few of his responsa were published by his grandson, Jair Hayyim, in the collected " Hut ha-Shani (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1679). Bacharach was the author of an essay on the Jewish calendar, a number

A

of apologetic

works against

Christianity, liturgical

Some of his works extant in manuscript. Bibliography: Kaufmann, Jair Hayuim Bacharach und Seine Ahnen, pp. 1-4, 16-23, 1896. D. L. G. poems, and casuistic

are

treatises.

still

BACHARACH, EVA

Hebraist and rabbinical Prague about 1580; died in Sophia, She was the daughter of Isaac ben Simson ha1651. Kohen, and through her mother, Vogele, granddaughter of the well-known rabbi of Prague, Lowe ben Bezalel. Her brothers, Hayyim and Naphtali, were also noted rabbis. As a daughter of such a distinguished rabbinical family, she acquired a wide knowledge of Hebrew and rabbinical literature, and could often assist rabbis in solving textual diffiSuch erudition was quite uncommon among culties. Jewish women of that time, and the Memorbuch of Worms makes special mention of it(" Kobez 'al- Yad,

scholar; born at

iii.

In 1600 she married Abraham

15, Berlin, 1887).

Samuel Bacharach, with whom she subsequently went to Worms, whither he was called as rabbi. After his death on May 26, 1615, she returned with her son Samson and her three daughters to Prague, in order to devote herself to the education of her Eva refused an offer of marriage from children. Isaiah Horowitz, then rabbi of Prague, who was

about to emigrate to Jerusalem, although she longed When her three daughters to be in the Holy Land. were married, she followed her son Samson to Worms, whither he had been called to take the position of his father; and soon afterward, in 1651, On the journey, Eva Bachashe left for Palestine. rach died at Sofia, where she was buried with great honor. Her grandson, Jair' Hayyim, called his work in memory of her "Hawwot Yair," which, in the usual German pronunciation, might be understood

as "Eva's Jai'r." Bibliography: Kaufmann, Bacharach und Seine Ahnen, 1894, pp. 3, 23, 24, 27, 28 Eisenstadt-Weiner, Xto'at Kedoshim,

pp. 215-217. L. G,

I).

BACHAKACH, JAIR HAYYIM: German born at Leipnik, Moravia, 1639; died in Worms Jan. 1, 1702. At the age of twelve he came with his father, Samson, to Worms (1653), and two years later married Sarlan, the daughter of Sussman Brilin. Under Brilin and his son Isaac, Bacharach rabbi;

Bacharach

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Bacharach, Jair

continued his studies for seven years longer. In 1660 he received his rabbinical license from Mendel Bass, rabbi of Prankfort-on-the-Main. He seems to have been for some time rabbi of Mayence. In 1666 he was made rabbi of Coblenz, but for a reason unknown he was not reelected in 1669. The law of Coblenz demanded (possibly for purposes of exaction) that the rabbi be reelected every three years. He returned to Worms, where he lived as a private member of the community, and lectured on Tal-

mudic topics.

His

to see him made the congregation,

His father had hoped his successor, but

pretending that it was contrary to its to choose a rabbi from among the

Rabbinical laws Career.

residents of the community, elected Aaron Teomim Frankel. Jair Hayyim felt very much slighted by this, and it was evidently for this reason that he wrote, under the same title, a severe criticism of "Mafteh Aharon" (The Staff of Aaron), his rival's work on the Passover

Haggadah. He himself never published it, howand after the death of Teomim wrote a marginal note on his manuscript forbidding its publication in the future. It was nevertheless issued by Jellinek in 1865 in the "Bikkurim," 1865, i. 4-26; reever



printed in the "Ha-Misderonah," i. 348-364. Bacharach was undoubtedly right in considering himself the superior of Teomim, who was a representative of the school of the most degenerate casuistry, while Bacharach was a systematic and thorough student of rabbinical literature and not altogether devoid of secular knowledge. He wrote under the title " 'Ez Hayyim " (Tree of Life) a compendium of the Jewish religion in three parts, each He collected a of which contained six subdivisions. considerable number of manuscripts works left by his father and his grandfather; docuWrites ments referring to the movement of "'EzHay- Shabbethai Zebi, and other valuable relics of past ages. He made a very yim." minute catalogue of his manuscripts, which numbered forty-six volumes; but while the catalogue is extant, the manuscripts are all lost, with the exception of a work on Talmudic methodology, "MarKashisha" (The Old Master), which is in the library of the bet-ha-midrash in Vienna. As his work, " The Tree of Life, " was so large that he could not

he collected some i esponsa and published them, together with some of his own, in 1679, under the title, " Hut ha-Shani " (The Scarlet

risk the

expense of

of his father's

its publication,

and of

his grandfather's

-

Thread). In the

mean time the terrible suffering which the wars of Louis XIV. had brought on the Palatinate In 1689 Worms was burned affected his career also. by the French army, and Bacharach thereafter led an unsettled life, moving first to Metz, then to Frankfort and to Heidelberg. In 1699 the scattered members of the congregation found themselves again in Worms, and an imperial charter con-

His Worth firmed

their reestablishment.

It

was

then that Bacharach, though prematurely aged, broken down in health, edged. and nearly deaf, had the satisfaction of seeing his worth acknowledged. The congregation elected him as its rabbi, but he held his

Acknowl-