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377 Azulai 'Azzut Fauim

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

377

6. Isaac Leonini Azulay Under the name "Joseph Leonini" (Leonini was the family name of

3. Father of Jaazaniah, a prince of the people de-

nounced by Ezekiel (Ezek.

xi. 1 et seq.).

his mother) he published in Berlin in 1794 a Spanish comedy, " El Delinquente Honrado, " on the titlepage of which he describes himself as " Teacher of

J.

Princess Augusta and in the gymnasium of Berlin. He is said to have traveled to Prague in order to study at the university there, but was robbed of his money and found himself stranded in Berlin, where he resorted to the teaching of languages to gain a

ness")

Azulay subsequently settled in London, where he married Bella Friedlaender, a cousin of Chief Rabbi Herschell. He died in that citv July

'Eden," says R. Judah(Mas. Kallah, ii., and thence Abot v. 20; see Taylor, "Sayings of "He who has not 'boshet the Fathers," p. 96). panim' [bashfulness or shamefacedness] of a surety his ancestors stood not on Mount Sinai " that is, he has not the pure blood of the Jewish race in him (Ned. 20«; compare Mek., Yitro, 9 on "His fear be upon your face that ye sin not," Ex. xx. 20). One of the characteristics of the Jewish people, next to their being compassionate and benevolent, is their No greater insult can therebashfulness (Yeb. 79a). fore be inflicted upon a Jew than to call him " 'Azzut Panim, " in dialect also " Azzes Ponim. " " Every priest that shows 'Azzut Panim is surely a descendant of the slaves of Pashhur, the son of Immer, the priest who smote the prophet Jeremiah and put him these slaves having intermarin stocks [Jer. xx. 1] According to ried with priestly houses " (Kid. 70S.) " R. Eliezer, R. Joshua, and R. Akiba, an " 'az panim (shameless person) exposes himself to the suspicion of being the offspring of an incestuous marriage or of some forbidden connection ("mamzer," or "ben An " 'az panim " ha-niddah " Mas. Kallah, ii.). may be called " rasha' " (wicked), in accordance with wicked man hardeneth his face "), Prov. xxi. 29 (" or be hated, in accordance with Eccl. viii. 1 (which, with the reading "yesunne," means "the boldness of An " 'az panim " his face causeth him to be hated "). is sure of falling a victim to sin, and it is on account of " 'azze phanim " (the shameless) in the land that rain is withheld, according to Jer. iii. 3 " Therefore thou rethe showers have been withholden, fusedst to be ashamed" (Ta'an. 76). At the close of his daily prayers Rabbi Judah haNasi used to say " May it be Thy will, O Lord our God and God of our fathers, to save us from 'azze phanim [the shameless ones] and from 'azzut panim [shamelessness] from an evil man, an evil plague," etc. (Ber. 165)— a prayer which found a place in the daily morning prayer of the common

livelihood.

17, 1840.

1765.

8. Isaiah Azulai: Father of Isaac Zerahiah (No. 7) and grandfather of Hayyim Joseph David (No. 4). Died in Jerusalem March 3, 1732. 9. Mordecai Azulai Father of Abraham (No. 2). Lived in Fez toward the end of the sixteenth century. 10. Moses Azulai : Son of Raphael Isaiah (No. 12). He edited some of his father's responsa in the collection "Zikron Mosheh" (Remembrance of Moses), Leghorn. 1830, and made an epitome of some of the works of his grandfather, Hayyim Joseph David (No. 4). 11. Nissim Zerahiah. Azulai: Editor and an notator of Shabbethai Cohen's " Shulhan ha-Tahor " (The Pure Table), a treatise on the 613 commandments, Safed, 1836. He perished in the earthquake at Safed Jan. 1, 1837.

12. Raphael Isaiah Azulai Rabbi in Ancona, where he died about 1830. One of his daughters married Abraham, son of the renowned rabbi David Pardo and her grandson Moses Pardo was rabbi of Alexandria from 1871 to 1888. He was the' author of a number of responsa and decisions, which appeared partly under the title " Tif eret Mosheh " (The Splendor of Moses), and partly in the " Zikron Mosheh " of his son Moses (No. 10). Bibliography Azulai, Shem ha-Oedolim, s.v.: Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books British Museum; IJazan, Ha-Ma'aM li:





Alia. Zeit.

1894; cles

The Leisure Hour, London,

Judenthums,

or

false prophet,

xxviii.

2.

1839, p. 60



Aug., 1886; private sources.

D.-A.

d* AZZTTR

P.

AZUB,: 1. Father of Hananiah, a contemporary with Jeremiah (Jer.

1).

A leader who

miah (Neh.

PANIM

'AZZUT

A term applied



phrase

(DMB to

mil?,

"

brazen-faced-

an impudent person.

The

panim" occurs in Deut. xxviii. 50 (" a nafierce countenance "), and in Dan. viii. 23 (" a

" 'az

tion of

king of fierce countenance"). " The brazen-faced one goes to Gehenna, the shame-faced, or bashful, to Gan transferred to

,

Isaac Zerahiah. Azulai Father of Hayyim Joseph David (No. 4). Died in Jerusalem Jan. 16, 7.

Shekmwh,

Q. B. L.

jr.

x. 17).

sealed the covenant with Nehe-







A



.

.

.



'

'

'

'

,

liturgy. i.

sr.

K.