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362 Azareel

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Azai-iah

al-Ayam " of Husain b. copy of the same. Bibliography Neubauer, Cat. Budl. Hrhr. MSS. tion of the " Larniat

pended



and

1438



Steinschneider, Cat. Budl.

H. HlK.

AZAREEL One

Chron.

(R. V.

of those

AZAREL,

who

"

God



Here the name

is

spelled

G. B. L.

jr.

AZARIA BEN JOSEPH IBN ABBA MARI Bonafoux

or Bonfos Bonfl.1 Astruc) One of the last Jewish writers coming from Perpignan, France. He flourished in the first half of rising against the Jews the fifteenth century. was the cause of his leaving his native city. .Neubauer ("Ecrivains Juifs," p. 759; see also "Revue Etudes Juives," v. 41) places this riot in the year

A

when the friar Vincent Ferrer roused the angry passions of the mob against the Jews for refusing baptism (see Gratz, " Geseh. der Juden," viii. 123); but Gross ("Gallia Judaica," p. 473) is rather inclined to place the date in 1420, when the Jews of Perpignan were exposed to all manner of vexatious proceedings by the Inquisition (" Revue Etudes 1414,

Juives," xvi. 14). Be this as it may, Azaria had, in 1423, settled with his son in Italy, where he translated from Latin into Hebrew the following works (1) "DeConsolatione Philosophise " of Boethius (lived 470-524). Boethius was the only early Latin writer whose works were translated into Hebrew. The preface of the translator informs us that it was commenced Tebet28, 5183 (i.e., 1423) at Torre Maestrata de Mon:

telfelatra

S.

AZARIA

the dedication of the wall. " Azarael."

(also called



6.

(probably Macerata di Monte Feltro), in

the province of Urbino Pesaro, and finished the same year at Castel San Pietro, in the province of Bologna. translation of the 28th book of the medical (2) work entitled " Liber Practice, " by Zahrawi (eleventh century), after the Latin of Simon of Genoa, was finished November, 1429, at Senise in the province of Basilicate. Neubauer maintains that Azaria made his translation not from the Arabic original, but from a translation made by Abraham of Tortosa, son of Shem-Tob, son of Isaac, who translated, in 1254, the whole work of Zahrawi at Marseilles ("Rabbins translation from the Latin Francais," p. 592). (3) of the second book of the " Simplicia " by the physiThe following is Azaria's brief cian Dioscorides. introduction to this translation (Neubauer, " Revue des Etudes Juives," v. 46):

A

t

A

" It often happens that physicians And themselves in places where they can not procure required drugs except with great This difficulty, and hence are placed in great embarrassment. particularly the case with those of our coreligionists who are obliged to dwell in villages or in the mountains to gain their There are places where one can not find a variety living. of drugs wherewith to make the necessary medicaments.

K.

MOSES DE

ROSSI. See Rossi. AZARIAH. — Biblical Data The name given

xii. 7).

taken a foreign wife (Ezra x. 41). 5. A priest (Neh. xi. 13, xii. 36) who played a musical instrument at

is

In addition to the works mentioned above, see Steinschneider, Hchr. Uebers. pp. 466, 650, 740.

Bibliography

help ") came to David at Ziklag (I is

2. Son of Jeroham, chief of the tribe of Dan when David made the enumeration of the people (I Chron. xxvii. 22). 3. A Levite, son of Heman, to whom fell the eleventh lot in the apportionment made by David for the choral service of the Temple (I Chron. xxv. 18). 4. One of the sons of Bani, who had

j.

Therefore, I, Azaria, called Bonafoux in the vulgar tongue, have translated this alphabetical table which I found in use among Christians, entitled in Greek lUpl rwv vTLPaoiJ.ei>wv ["Book of the Equivalents of Drugs "], composed by the philosopher and physician Dioscorides for his uncle." '

Nos. 1240

col. 2227.

G.

1.

Ali, ap-

to a printed

362

B.



to twenty-six different persons

The most important

ment.

A noble

1.

to I I

Kings

Chron.

v.

in the

Old Testa-

are

According in the court of Solomon. he was the son of Zadok the priest.

iv. 2,

35 [A. V.

vi. 9]

makes him

the son of

The same geneof Zadok. alogical list (next verse) states that he in turn had a grandson bearing the same name who " executed the priest's office in the house that Solomon built in Jerusalem. " Since Zadok figured as a prominent priestly Ahimaaz and grandson

noble in the court of Solomon, it seems more likely that not his grandson, but his son (as is stated by the older narrative of I Kings), occupied a similar position, probably succeeding his father in the highpriestly office. In that case the reference in I Chron. would apply to Azariah, the son of Zadok, rather than to Azariah's grandson. Similarity of name may have been the cause of the displacement at the hand of

some

later copyist.

2. The grandson of the Azariah of Solomon's reign and father of Amariah, who was high priest during the reign of Jehoshaphat (I Chron. v. 36 [A. V. vi. 10] Ezra vii. 3). 3. The second Book of Chronicles (xxvi. 16-20), in assigning a cause for the leprosy of King Uzziah,

states that the king impiously attempted to burn incense on the altar, and that Azariah " the priest (that is, the high priest), with eighty attendant priests, opposed him, warning him that he as a layman had no right to burn incense to Yhwii. As a punishment for his impiety and his anger against the priests, Uzziah was at once smitten with leprosy. Josephus adds that an earthquake further evinced the divine disapproval (" Ant. " ix. 10, § 4). This tradition of Josephus clearly arose from an association of the earthquake in the reign of Uzziah, referred to in Amos i. 1 and Zech. xiv. 5, with the story of the chronicler. The older narrative of Kings simply states that "the Lord smote the king, so that he was a leper " (II Kings xv. 5). The genealogical list in I Chron. v. [A. V. vi.], purporting to give the complete line of high priests in Judah, assigns to the reign of Uzziah none bearing the name of Azariah. The point of view of the entire story in II Chronicles is not that of the days of the kingdom, when it was the duty of the king to present offerings and burn incense (I Kings ix. 25), but of the late post-exilic period when the chronicler wrote. It has a close kinship with other traditions peculiar to him or to his age, and frequently introduced into his ecclesiastical history. Its aim was clearly to explain the horrible affliction of one who figures in the earlier narratives as a just and benign ruler; and also to point a priestly moral. J.

jr.

C. F.

In Rabbinical Literature identifies Azariah, chief priest



K.

The Haggadah

under Uzziah, with