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304 Auerbach, Loeb Auerbach, Simon

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

which he published separately, Auerbach contributed a number of papers to medical and biological journals and to the transactions of several scientific

During half a century of active scientific Irritamentis Nervorum,

societies.

work he published: "De

Studia Critica," Berolini, 1849; "TJebcr Psychische Thiitigkeiten des Ruckenmarks, " in Gilnsberg's "Zeitschrift fur Medicin," 1853, iv.; "Ueber die Erscheinung bei Oertlicher Muskelreizung," in " Abhandlungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft flir Vaterlandische Cultur," 1861, pp. 291, 326; "Ueber Perkussion des Muskels," in "Zeitschrift flir Rationelle Medicin," 1862; "Bau der Blut- und Lymph-Capillaren, " in " Centralblatt fur die Medicinische Wissenschaft," 1865; " Lymphgefasse des Darmes," in Virchow's "Arehiv," 1865, xxxiii. "Ueber einen Plexus Mesentericus, " Breslau, 1862; "De Ventriculo Carnoso Avium," 31 pp., Breslau, 1863; "Wahre Muskelkypertrophie," in Virchow's "Arehiv," 1871; "Ueber den Einfluss Erhohter Temperatur auf die Nervosen Central Organe," 28 pp., Heidelberg, 1880. Auerbach is the author also of several scientific

monographs which appeared in the

" Zeitschrift flir

Wissenschaftliche Zoologie," in Reichert-Du Bois' " Arehiv " in the " Verhandlungen der Berliner Medicinischen Gesellschaft " in the " Verhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin " and in Ferdinand Cohn's " Beitrage zur Biologie der Pfianzen." Bibliography: Anton Bettelbeim, Biographisches Jahrbuch und DeuUcher Nekrolog, 1898, ii. 35; J. Pagel, Biographisclies Lexicon der Hervorragenden Aerzte des 19ten Jahrhunderts, p. 59; A. Wernich and A. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon Hervorragender Aerzte Atter Zeiten und





i. 226 ; Jos. Tyson, The Cell Doctrine, 2d ed., Philadelphia, 1876 ; Ed. B. Wilson, The Cell in Development and Inheritance, 2d ed., pp. 5, 106, 127, 132, New York, 1900 Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, 1876, xvi. 131; Hertwig-Campbell, The Cell, pp. 199, 218, 219.

Vfilker, .

W.

S.

S.

AUERBACH JUDAH), LOEB B. ISRAEL (

and (2) " Hukke Da'at " (Laws of Knowledge), which gives discussions of the prececisions briefly,

ding.

i.

73



Zedner, Cat. Hebr.

mode

the Jewish

of killing animals,

which corresponded with their religious belief and custom, and who would not eat meat slaughtered by Christians or by Ashkenazic Jews, the latter not being recognized b} them as sons of Abraham. This greatly hampered the undertaking of the Ashkenazim, as none but Christians would buy the surplus of the Shehitah, and, being excluded from the Mussulmans' trade, the Ashkenazim found the Shehitah Auerbach appealed to the hakam quite expensive. bashi to intercede on behalf of the Ashkenazim, and requested him to obtain from the Turkish government the recognition of the Ashkenazic Jews as sons The hakam bashi hesitated, and Auerof Abraham. bach threatened him with excommunication for refusing to perform his plain duty and to do justice At last in 1864 the hakam bashi to the Ashkenazim. was not only obliged to remove his objection, but r

actually compelled to establish the fact before the Ottoman authorities that as regards their religion there was no difference between the Sephardim and

Ashkenazim. Auerbach and Rabbi Samuel Salant in 1866 organized the Central Committee known as the " Wa'ad ha-Kelali " in Jerusalem, as an agency for the distribution of funds from the charity-boxes all over the world for the Ashkenazic poor in Palestine, the income from which from the United States alone amounts to about $20,000 per annum. In 1875, on the occasion of the visit of Sir Moses Montefiore to the Holy Land, Auerbach protested in an open letter addressed to Montefiore (in Hebrew and English, London, 1875) against the charges of unfair manipulation of the gifts sent to the poor in Palestine. Auerbach is the author of " Imre Binah " (Words

on Orah Hayyim and Yoreh De'ah, and responsa on Hoshen Mishpat, Jeruof Understanding), novella?

salem, 1871-76

Galician Talmudist of the second half of the eight eenth century. He is the author of " Mehokek Yehudah" (The Lawgiver of Judah), Lemberg, 1792, a commentary on those sections of the Orah Hayyim of Joseph Caro's Shulhan 'Aruk which treat of The work consists of the regulations for Passover. two distinct parts, entitled respectively (1) "Hukke 'Olam" (Eternal Laws), which gives the halakic de-

Bibliography Fiirst, Bihl. Hebr. Books Brit. Mus. p. 337.

who favored

304

Hayyim," and

He

left



of annotations to his father's " Dibre to

Loeb Guenzburg's "Ture Eben."

many manuscripts on Talmudical

which are

still

unpublished.

as a great pilpulist. " bet ha-midrash " has been founded in Jerusa-

A

to perpetuate Auerbach 's memory. Bibliography J. Schwartz, Tebuot ha-Arez, ed. Luncz, pp. 500, 501; A. Amshewitz,Moshe ive-Yerushdlaiiim, pp. 81-96, Warsaw, 1879; M. N. Auerhach, Zekut Abot, Jerusalem, Allgemeine Zeitung cles Judenthums, 1895, Introduction

lem





1878, p. 363.

l. a.

J.

banker, and commentator born in Vienna at the beginning of the seventeenth century died at Krotoschin, Posen, July 8, 1689. He was descended from the well-known Auerbach-Fischhof family, both his father, Meshullam Solomon, and his maternal grandfather, Rabbi Judah Loeb Rofe, being members of the Vienna Ghetto. Auerbach received a Talmudic education, and was a pupil of Joel Sarkes (n"3), of Joshua ben Joseph of Cracow, and of Menahem Mendel Krochmal of Nikolsburg. He married the daughter of Judah Loeb Cohn of Cracow (died 1645), and then settled in Cracow with his brother a yyi For many years Auerbach held the position of dayyan of the Cracow community, being at the same time engaged in the

AUERBACH, MEIR

ISAAC

Talmudist and chief rabbi of the Ashkenazim in Jerusalem born Feb. 10, 1815, at Dobria near Kalish, Russian Poland died May 8, 1878, at Jerusalem. He was rabbi at Kalish when, in 1860, actuated by his love for the Holy Land, he removed to Jerusalem, where he organized the congregation and yeshibah Ohel Jacob, and subsequently became chief rabbi of the He also organized an independent Ashkenazim. board of Shehitah for the Ashkenazim. This action was opposed by the "hakam bashi," David H azan and his Sephardic congregation, who controlled the They were upheld by the Mussulmans, Shehitah. B.





-

D. E.

AUERBACH, MENAHEM MENDEL BEN MESHULLAM SOLOMON: Austrian rabbi,

L. G.

subjects,

Auerbach was known

H

m

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