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302 Auerbach, Eleazar Auerbach, Leopold

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

archives of Marbach.

Auerbach

now

is

A

biography of Berthold by Arnold

(1902) being prepared

Bettelheim, of Vienna. Bibliography Alio. Zelt.

ties



A.

6.

8.

I.

See Auekbach, Isaac

ben Hayyim. German physicist born Berlin. He was only twenty

AUERBACH, FELIX 12, years old

1856, in





when he graduated from

the university of

and received the degree of Ph.D. upon the presentation of an excellent thesis, " Untersuchungen liber die Naturdes Vokalklanges,'' which appeared in Poggendorff 's " Annalender Physikund

his native city, Chemie"

for 1876.

Continuing his studies

at the

University of Berlin until 1879, he was in that year appointed assistant in the Physical Institute of the University of Breslau. In 1890 Auerbach was appointed assistant professor of physics in Jena University, which position he continues to occupy. Among Auerbach's scientific contributions is a treatise on hydrodynamics, " Die Theoretische Hydrodynamik. Nach dem Gange der Entwickelungen in der Neuesten Zeit in Ktirze Dargestellt," Brunswick, 1881, which received the prize of the Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, and was subsequently translated into Italian (Milan, 1882). Auerbach is also the author of numerous papers of a more technical nature in the " Archiv fur Physiologie, " in Poggendorff 's " Annalen der Physik und Chemie," in the "Nachrichten der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissensehaften und der GeorgAugust Universitat zu Gottingen," etc. Short notices of his scientific contributions may be found in the annual "Die Fortschritte der Physik," G. Reimer, Berlin. Bibliography Poggendorff, Biographisch - Literarisches Handworterbuch, Leipsic, 1898; Deutscher Universitclts:

Kalender, ed. Ascherson, Berlin.

A.

s.

AUERBACH, HAYYIM

B.

ISAAC

S.

C.

Rabbi

and author of the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the contemporary and friend of R. Akiba Eger of Posenand of R. Solomon at Lencziza, Russia, ;

Posner of Warsaw. He wrote "Dibre Mishpat" (Words of Judgment), published at Krotosohin, 1835 a halakic work, with additions by his sons Menahem and Isaac. Compare Auerbach, Isaac b.

—

Hayyim. Bibliography



Shem ha-Gedolim

he-Hadash, AUERBACH, ISAAC

letter n.

B.

HAYYIM:

Polish rabbi; lived in the first half of the nineteenth century was first rabbi at Dobria, near Kalisz, then at

Plock



later

he succeeded his father, Hayyim Auer-

bach, as rabbi of Lencziza, government of Warsaw, Poland. He wrote "Dibre Hayyim" (Words of Life), Breslau, 1852, a pilpulistic disquisition on the Shulhan Aruk, and on other rabbinical codes (" poskim "). His work includes a pilpulistic treatise, '

Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books Brit. preface to the author's Dibre Hayyim. L.



Mm.

s.v.



A. R.

G.

AUERBACH, ISAAC (pTK) B. ISAIAH (also known

Grammarian, and exponent of as Reis) Rashi flourished toward the beginning of the eighteenth century at Flirth, Amsterdam, and Frankforton-the-Main. The works of Auerbach, which areenumerated below, are particularly interesting because of the history of their origin, which curiously illuminates the educational condition of the German Jews of the period. Auerbach, who, like all Jewish scholars of his time, devoted himself exclusively to the study of the Talmud, relates that, as regards certain passages, Rashi's commentary on the Bible was to him a closed book, because even the simplest elements of Hebrew grammar were unknown to him. The scholars of Filrth, however, were not only incapable of expounding the difficult passages in Rashi, but ridiculed Auerbach's peculiar taste for Hebrew philology. He thereupon left Filrth and went to Amsterdam, where for ten years he studied Hebrew grammar with Samuel Posen. As the fruit of his labors he published (Wilmersdorf, 1718) " Girsa de-Yanuka" (The Boy's Study), an elementary grammar with paradigms in Hebrew and JudreoGerman. This one of the first elementary Hebrew grammars written by a Jew met with such success, particularly in Frankfort, where Auerbach bad meanwhile settled, that the author soon afterward published his second Judteo-German grammar (Filrth, 1728), entitled "Shuta de-Yanuka" (The Boy's Talk). The Hebrew and German elementary book of Baruch (Bendet) b. Michael Moses Meserite (Altona, 1808; Breslau, 1814), entitled "Girsa deYanukta" (The Study of Childhood), is based on excerpts from these two works. Auerbach had not forgotten that he had been first stimulated to the study of grammar by the works of Rashi and he now published his comments and explanations on Rashi's commentary on the Pentateuch (Sulzbach, 1730 Furth, 1762), under the title "Beer Rehobot" (Well of Enlargement); also reissued, after the death of the author, by his son Aaron and extended by him to the Five Rolls. This book may be ranked among the best supercommentaries that have been written on Rashi's Bible commentary, and has proved of great benefit both to



—

—





teachers and to pupils. Auerbach also translated into Judaeo-German the "Behinat 'Olam" of Jedidiah b. Abraham Bedersi, which, under the title "

1.

P. B.

G.

L.

Bibliography



AUERBACH, ELIEZER BEN HAYYIM. Nov.

"Mayim Hayyim'' (Living Waters), by his father, Hayyim Auerbach, and additions and notes by the author's brother Eliezer.

Jud. xlvi. 126, 157; Friedricli Theodor Vischer, Berthold Auerbach, ein Nachruf, 1882 Wilhelm fcroldbaum, in Westermann's Monatsheften, No. 305, pp. 606 el seq. Zabel, Berthold Auerbach, 1882 Ludwig Solomon, Berthold Auerbach, eilie Biographic, 1882; Ludwig Stein, Berthold Auerbach und das Judenthum, 1882; Ed. Lasker, Berthold Auerbach, cine Uedntkrcde, Berlin, 1882; D. Frisenmann, Bertltald Auerbach, in HaYahudi, Hc-Asif, 1889, i. 159-171; Rudolf Krauss, Sclncamsche Literaturgeschichte, 1899, ii. 288, 299, and passim.

302

Zaphnath-paaneah" (Gen.

xli. 45, " revealer of sesavior of the world "), was first published at Sulzbach in 1743, and has since been frequently reprinted. Appended to this work is Auerbach's Judffio-German translation of Bedersi's

crets "



LXX, "

"

Bakkashat ha-Memin." Auerbach's father was a martyr but the occasion on which he met death is not known.

Bibliography: Fiirst, BibliothecaJudOAca, i. 72,73; Fuenn, Keneset Ytirael, p. 589 Steinsehneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 908

idem, Bibliographisches



Handbueh, No. 143.

L. G.