Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/242

204 Ashmodai

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Ashteroth

At that time Ashkinasi conducted the Jewish trade-school "Trud" of Odessa. Later he established a model farm-school for Jewish children at Fiodorovka, near the same place. In 1887 he settled permanently in Paris, where he contributed either in his own name or under the pseudonym " Michel Delines " articles on Russian

Tammuz, who, from the epithet "Adon,'' "Lord," was called by the Greeks "Adonis. " See

livelihood.

—

for

Tammuz and

ASHMUEAH

A special term (compare " watch in the night," Ps. xc. 4) in the synagogal rite of Avignon, denoting the early morning service on Hoshana Rabbah, the seventh day of the Feast of

among

he published at Paris: "La Terre dans le Roman Russe " " La France Jugee par la Russie " " L' Allemagne Jugee par la Russie " " Nos Amis les Russes. The western European public became acquainted with Russian literature through Ashkinasi's translations into French of several of Tolstoi's works " Enfance et Adolescence " aud " Napoleon et la Campagne de Russie," besides Shchedrin's "Za Rubezhom, under the title, Berlin et Paris"; Goncharov's " Obryv, "under the title "La Faute de la Grand'mere," 1885; and Dostoyevski's "Podrostok," under the title "Mon Pere Naturel," 1886; some novels by Garschin; "Samson the Powerful," by Orzhesko and Lazhechnikov's " Le Palais de Glace,"

Allg. Zclt. des Jud. 1839, p. 118.

ASHPENAZ chadnezzar (Dan. j.



"La Chasse aux Juifs"; and "Les Victimes." a frequent contributor to the Russian periodicals "Nedyelya," "Novosti," and others, and since 1889 has been a regular contributor to "Paris," under the pen-name "Michel Reader." 1885;

is



The name



of

—

a Phenician god worshiped at Sidon and Carthage,

Cyprus and in Sardinia. from the latter island ("C.

A trilingual inscription

in

I.

S." 143) identifies

him

with ^Esculapius, the Greek god of healing. Near Sidon, Eshmunazer built for him a temple on a mountain, and consecrated to him a spring and a grove (" C. This is the iEsculapius grove of Strabo I. S." 3). (xvi. 2, 22).

The

the inscriptions

number

prayer as does the one hundred and forty-fifth Psalm. K. See Tanya ii. in the name of Rashi.

ASHRE

which Ashmun enters prove the popularity of worship there. At Carthage, Tanith (Ashtarte) and Baal were worshiped in his temple (" C. I. S." p. 252) and the inscriptions from North Africa contain many names compounded of his, which also prove how extensively he was worshiped. His close connechis



of the verses

F. L. C.

A.

=t

^=^s=

Ash

re

yo

How

hap

py

-

she the

-

be.

.

.

.

dwellers in

be

te

Thy

tern

and Carthage with Baal and Ashtarte, importance where worshiped, and the fact that in many proper names, especially in Cyprus, he is designated "Adonis " (compare " C. I. S." 10, 42, and 44), indicate that Ashmun may have been a local name tion at Sidon

word

ASHRE

Con moio.

his

initial

Ps. lxxxiv. 5 [A.

of proper

into

n±£ -0-

The

0>"iB>N):

V. 4] and cxliv. 15, which verses are always prefixed to Ps. cxlv. in its recital in the synagogal service. In the northern liturgies these opening verses are associated with a chant transferred direct from the Sabbath cantillation (where it forms the coda, or concluding strain, of each reading in the lesson) as illustrated below

names in from Citium and Idalium in Cyprus large

B. L.

The open-

—

H. R. See Asmodbds. DB>K)

G

it is said: "Whosoever recites Psalm cxlv. three times a day may feel certain of having a portion The three Ashre or in the life to come " (Ber. 4S). beatitudes in the two introductory verses some added also the Ashre of Ps. cxix. 1, and more verses beginning with Ashre (see Tosaf ot Ber. 32S, and Beer, prayer-book " Abodath Yisrael," p. 68, note; Zunz, "Ritus," 59) were selected to express the idea of being thrice blessed by the recitation of a Psalm containing so fervent a praise of God before offering

1889, xi.-xii. 37-38.

ESHMUN

3).

which

Bibliography: Vengerov,Kritieo-BU>graftch£8kiSlovarRusskikh Pisatelci, s.v. S. G., Litemturnaya Spravka, in

or

i.

jr.

ing words of Ps. lxxxiv. 5 [4]: " Blessed are they who dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee. [In A. V.] Selah. " This verse, interpreted by Joshua ben Levy to signify that those who sit pondering on the greatness of God before offering their prayer in the house of God are the really " blessed ones " (Ber. 32J), is, together with (the closing words of Ps. cxliv. 15) "Ashre ha-' Am," "Happy the people to whom this is allotted [A. V., "that is in such a case"], happy the people whose God is the Lord," recited three times a day, twice in the morning and once in the afternoon prayer before Ps. cxlv., concerning

Among original novels in French by Ashkinasi " En Russie, " in the " Bibliotheque Uni verselle,

ASHMUN

Chief of the eunuchs of Nebu-



ASHRE (YOSHEBE BETEKA):



ASHMODAI.

D.

A.

1889.

Vuskhud,



Tabernacles. Bibliography: Zunz, Ritus der Synagogevon Avignon, in





He

G. A. B.

jr.

j.

which were the Athenajum," "Siecle," "Independance Beige," and many others. At the same time

are

Baetngen, BeitrUge zur Sew. Religions-

gesch. pp. 44 et seq.

"



iEsiiMA.

Bibliography:

—

literature to various publications, principal

204

H

-
 * —*—jt

ka,

'od

pie,

for

ye- hafor- ev

-

la

lu

ka:

er

they

may

ASHRE HA- 'AM

se

lah!

praise Theel

(qjh ne>K): Ps. lxxxix.

"Ashre" on

Day

16,

of Memorial, or New-Year, immediately after the sounding of the Shofar. It is then associated in Ashkenazic congregations with a beautiful and typical melody, of prefixed to

the