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200 Ashkenazi, Meir Ashkenazi, Zebi

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

to the king of Poland

Gava



Dakhel he was passengers on the ship. to

Bibliography



and that on the way from by pirates with all the

slain

Moses ol Trani, Responsa, part 2,

§ 78.

H. R.

s.

ASHKENAZI, MEIR BEN MOSES HEN),

(CO-

KaZ,

the initials of "Kohen Zedek" (priest of righteousness): Polish Talraudist; born about 1590 at Frankfort-on-the-Main died about 1645 at Mohilev on the Dnieper. His father was dayyan at Frankfort and, later, rabbi at Danhausen, Bavaria. When a youth Mei'r went to Lubalso

called



Poland, where he was the pupil of Mei'r Lublin. He became rabbi at Amstebowy, and afterward at Mohilev, thus reaching White Russia, at that time forming the eastern limits of the Polish kingdom. In Poland, Mei'r was considered a Talmudic authority; but to posterity he is known chiefly as the father of Shabbethai Cohen, author of the ~ff, the initials of the words "Sifte Kohen" (The Lips of the Priest). Nine of Mei'r's responsa were published by Isaac, a great-grandson of Mei'r, as a supplement to a work of Shabbethai Cohen, "G-eburat Anashim." Most of them deal with marital questions. In his teachings Mei'r based his opinions on the most recent authorities (Aharonim) only in the case of an 'Agbmh he was very liberal (''Geburat Anashim," lin,



32«, 33a). Mei'r also wrote

Kohen

")

some verses (preface to "Sifte well-known son Shabbethai.

in honor of his

In his poetry as well as in his responsa he displays a good style, and employs the pure Biblical language of a thorough master. This talent was shared by his son Shabbethai. Mei'r is the earliest Jewish author in the province of White Russia. Bibliography: Friedberg, Keter Ke]mnah, pp. 4-6, Drohobycz, 1898; Fuenn, I£iryah Ne'emanah, p. 74; Dembitzer, KeHlat Yofi, ii. lib; Harkavi, Ha-Yehudim u-Sefat liaSclawvm,

p. 33.

L. G.

I.

BER.

ASHKENAZI, MESHULLAM ZALMAN



Polish rabbi and man of letters born in the second half of the eighteenth centuiy died at Lublin, Poland, May 1, 1843. He was the son of Rabbi Meshullam Zalman of Pomarin, whose family name was Orenstein, under which appellation his brother, Rabbi Mordecai Zebi of Lemberg, is also known. Meshullam Zalman the elder, who died before the birth of his sol, was a grandson of Hakam Zebi. Meshullam the younger held the office of rabbi at Cazimir and Naselsk, and from 1826 until his death, He wrote glosses to the Mishnah, pubat Lublin. lished in the Wilna edition, 1869. H. R.



ASHKENAZI, MOSES. See Spaethe, Peter. ASHKENAZI, MOSES DAVID: Talmudist and author; born

in Galicia about 1778; died at After holding the office Safed, Palestine, in 1857. of rabbi at Tolcsva, Hungary, from 1803 to 1843,

he emigrated to Palestine, settling permanently at Safed. In 1844 he published at Jerusalem his chief work, "Toledot Adam" (Generations of Adam; " Adam " [D1K] being the initial letters of his name), containing novelise on several treatises of the Babylonian Talmud and two decisions on complicated

200

"Toledot Adam" is prefaced with an approbation by Jacob of Lissa, and with another by Jacob Orenstein. Both of these eminent Talmudists regarded Ashkenazi as their peer; Orenstein speaks of him as "schoolmate." Ashkenazi's second work, "Beer Sheba' " (Well of legal questions.

the Oath),

a collection of liomiletic disquisitions

is

on the Pentateuch (Jerusalem, 1852). In the preface he says that he had been in the Holy Land for nine years, consequently the date given by Benjacob ("Ozar ha-Sefarim," p. 618) is incorrect. An approbation to it was written by Abulafia, hakam bashi of Jerusalem. Ashkenazi's father, Asher, was a prominent Talmudist and the two sons of Ashkenazi, Joel and Solomon, were rabbis in Galicia. The former son,

who left no work, is quoted in "Toledot Adam," la and 98«; while Solomon wrote a book entitled "Kotnot Or " (Garments of Light). Solomon died in Jerusalem, February, 1862.

Bibliography



Benjacob, Ozar lia-Sefarim,

p. 618.

L. Qhtj.

l. 6.

ASHKENAZI, MOSES D3AAC. schi,

Moses

See Tede-

Isaac.

NAPHTALI

B. JOSEPH: ASHKENAZI, Preacher at Safed in the sixteenth century died at Venice in 1602. He wrote a work, entitled "Imre Shefer " (Words of Beauty), containing liomiletic

and exegetical dissertations on the several

Bibliography Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl.

Kore ho>Dorot,

The

Bible.

work published at Venice, funeral sermons by him.

tion of this

edi-

1601, includes

col.

2020



Conlorte,

ed. Cassel, p. 43b.

k.

I.

ASHKENAZI, NISSIM ABRAHAM:

Br. Tal-

mudic author; lived in the first half of the nineteenth century in Smyrna, where he officiated. He was the author of "Nehmad le-Mareh" (Graceful of Appearance), which contains methodological rules on the treatises Berakot and Seder Zera'im in the Jerusalem Talmud, as well as decisions of the older and later authorities concerning the Halakot treated therein (Salonica, 1832-46).

Bibliography



Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefarim,

p. 397.

M. B.

L. G.

ASHKENAZI, RAPHAEL BEN JUDAH also as Raphael Naphtali Ashkenazi) rabbi of Smyrna, where he died in 1830. He wrote: (1) "Mareh 'Ena3'im" (Sight to the Eyes), Salonica, 1816 an index to the Talmud and to Rashi and Tosafot, after the model of Benvenisti's

(known



A

—

"SeferKenesetha-Gedolah"; (2) " Mareh ha-Gadol" (The Great Vision), Salonica, 1829 containing homilies on the Pentateuch (3) " Doresh Tob " (Seeking the Good), a continuation of the preceding work, Salonica, 1831; appended to it is Judah Ashkenazi's work, "Seride Yehudah " (Judah's Remnant); (4) "Mareh ha-Nogah " (The Vision of Glory), containing observations on the works of Maimonides, Salo-

—



nica, 1840.

Bibliography: Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefcvrim,

p. 370; NepiGbirondi, Toledot Gedole Yixrael, p. 314 Franco, Histowe ikmlxrru'Wex de !' Orient; Mortara, Indict Alfabetico, s.v.

Furst, Bibliotheca Judaica,

L. G.

iii.

127.

M. B.