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THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Tryphone

"), was born in Ashkelon, embellished it considerably, and his sister Salome resided there (Josephus, "B. J." ii. 6, £ 3). In the great revolution, the Jews seem to have attacked it without suc-

Ashirah Ashkenaz

question.

Ptolemy's statement

13) that it

was a maritime

(v. 16, 2;

may

city

viii.

20,

be understood

as broadly as in the case of several neighboring cities. The site of Ashkelon proper is placed by some scholars near the village El-Mcjdel, northwest of Askalan. It may be mentioned that the onions of Ash kelon, famous in antiquity (Strabo, Stephen Byzantinus), still

grow wild on

the fertile spot (see Phi-

listines).

Bibliography

m



Memoirs of

sneet 16

the

Survey of Western Pales-

Gutbe, in Zelt. Deutsch. Pallist. Ver. ™I- seQrFor rabbinical references H. Hildesheimer, n" .?*,, Beitrdge zur Geographic Palilstinas, pp. 1 et seq. J. jr. w. M. M.



-

Inhabitants of Ashkelon. (From Sayce, " Races of the Old Testament.")

cess (contrast " B. J. " ii. 18, § 1, with iii. 2, § 12). The most flourishing period of Ashkelon was during the later division of the Roman control, when it was a free republic (Pliny, "Hist. Nat." v. 68), famous for

the literary taste ruling there. Ammianus Marcellinus, xiv. 8, 11, speaks of it as a considerable place.



ASHKENAST, EUGENE: Botanist; born at Odessa May 5, 1845. He occupies (1902) the position of honorary professor of botany at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. In 1871 he wrote " Beitrage zur Kritik der Darwinischen Theorie. " A considerable number of his articles have been published in the "Botanische Zeitung," the "Botanischer Jahresbericht,"and in the " Bibliotheque de l'Universite de Geneve," lvi., lviii., lxii. S.

ASHKENAZ

A

people traced back (TJ3BW): Chron. i. 0) through Gomer to Noah's third son, Japheth. In Jer. Ii. 27, 28, it is mentioned (Gen. x. 3



I

The Ruins of Ashkelon. (After a photograph.)

In the Crusades its possession passed frequently into the hands of the Christians and the Moslems alterSince its demolition in nately (1154, 1187, 1192). 1270 it has remained a ruin. Whether the extensive ruins of the medieval " Ascalon, " west of the village El-J6ra, cover exactly the site of the ancient city or only the portion referred to as that

is,

"

Ascalon

"

Maiumas

—

the suburb with the so-called port

is

an open

with the kingdoms of Ararat and Minni and with the Medes as being hostile to Babyin connection

The Targum to the passages in Gen. and Chron., the Talmud (Yer. Meg. i. 71*) and Midrash (Gen. R. xxxvii.) identify it with Asia that is, the Roman province (Asia propria or proconsularis), consisting mainly of the districts of Lydia, Phrygia, and Carta. Targum Yer. has, instead of it, " Adiabene " (that is. lon.