Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 2.pdf/214

176 Ash

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Ashdod Jer. Peali

i.

1,

p. 16a;

somewhat different).

Targ. Yer. to Gen. xxxvii.

2,

At any rate

the ethical maxim, not to requite evil for evil, but to be magnanimous toward the enemy, is decidedly Jewish. Christian writer would most certainly have emphasized the teaching: "Love your enemies" (Matt. v. 44). The book as a whole belongs to the Hellenistic

A

propaganda literature by which Jewish writers endeavored to win the non-Jewish world for the Jewish faith, while at the same time eagerly representing their Hebrew ancestors as physical as well as moral heroes. See Proselytes. K.

ASH

The A. V. rendering

of the Hebrew " oren" R. V. has "fir-tree." According to Tanhum (quoted in Gesenius, "Thesaurus," under pX), the word was used in later Hebrew in the sense of " mast. " The plural, " oranim " for which Hai Gaon uses the Aramaic form " ornan " is mentioned in the Mishnah (Parah iii. 8) between cedars and cypresses. The tree belongs to the family of the conifers, has hard wood, and a tall, smooth, straight stem. This

<Isa. xliv. 14);

— —

other Mei'r Ash, whose official family -name was Eisenstaedter, author of "Imre Esh" (Words of Fire), Unghvar, 1864. He was rabbi of Unghvar, and died Dec. 27, 1861. The pun on &"n as "fire " may also underlie the titles of the works of the first Mei'r Ash, as, for instance, his "

Face).

ASH,

Panim

Mei'rot " (The Shining

See Names.

ABRAHAM JOSEPH

D.

Talmudist born

New

in Semyatitch, Russia, about 1813; died in York city May 6, 1888. Coming to the United

States in 1852, he helped to organize, in

New York

Russian-American congregation, Bet ha-Midrash ha-Gadol, and eight years later he was In this capacity he served till his elected its rabbi. death, with the exception of brief intervals in which he made futile attempts to engage in business, seeking to free himself from dependence on the rabbinate for a livelihood. He strenuously opposed the endeavor by some of the Reform rabbis in 1886 to deliver lectures in Orthodox congregations, and he wrote an open protest headed with the Talmudic city, the first

ASHAMNU Cantor.

176

Cantor &