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135 ministry he relinquished his charge, which he resumed upon the reelection of a Republican majority, Oct. 14, 1877. He was decorated with the Legion of Honor Jan. 30, 1870, but resigned again when the "Journal" came under state control, on Jan. He reentered the "Journal des Debats" as 1, 1881. Though not a Hebraist, he became, in art critic. 1880, one of the founders of the " Revue des Etudes Juives."

W.

J.

s.

ARONIUS, JULIUS German

historian



born

Germany; died June After completing the gymnasium course, 29, 1893. he entered the University of Berlin, where he studied history, philology, and later went to the University of Konigsberg. He was graduated from the latter as Ph.D. in 1883, on which occasion he wrote Feb.

1861, at Rastenburg,

5,

"

Studien iiber die Alteren Angelsachsischen Aronius became instructor at the Berlin Real'gymnasium, at the same time devoting himEntrusted by self to the study of Jewish history. the Historische Commission with a preparation of a history of the Jews in Germany during the Middle Ages, he began the work, under the title " Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland " (Berlin, 1893). This work gives in chronological order, under each date, an abstract of every entry in the medieval chronicles and documents relating to the Jews of Germany. Its publication was interrupted by the death of Aronius, and was completed by

a thesis,

Urkunden."

Saalfeld. I.

s.

ARONS, LEO ist.

lin

Aroer Aronssohn

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

135



German

physicist

and

Though privat-docent at the University

Br. Social-

of Ber-

he took part in the Socialist movement, and was

from his office by the minister of education, Bosse, April, 1899. Being wealthy, he spent in 1895 large sums of money to advance the interests of his party. In 1897 he carried a resolution at the Socialist convention of Hamburg, in virtue of which the Socialists would no longer abstain from voting at the elections for the in consequence suspended

Prussian Diet. Arons' scientific works belong to the field of theoretic as well as of experimental physics, with espeAmong the many cial reference to electricity. works published by him may be mentioned the following: "Bestimmung der Verdet'schen Constante im Absoluten Masse," in "Annalen derPhysik und

Chemie," new series, 1885, xiv. 161; " Jnterferenzstreifen im Spectrum," ib. p. 669; " Verdiinnungs-

warme und Warmekapacitat von Salzlosungen,"

ib.

xxv. 408; "Methode zur Messung der Elektromotorischen Gegenkraft im Elektrischen Lichtbogen," ib. xxx. 95; "Ueber den Elektrischen Rtickstand," ib. xxxv. 291; " Beobachtungen an Elektrisch Pola473; "Ein Elektrolytischer Versuch," ib. xlv. 383; "Ein Demonstrationsversuch mit Elektrischen Schwingungen," ib. p. 553 " Die Elektricitatsconstanten und Optischen Brechungsexponenten in Salzen," ib. liii. 95; "Elektrische Lichtbogen," ib. lvii. 185; " PolarisationsErscheinungen in Dilnnen Metallmembranen," ib. " Versuche ilber Elektroly tische Polarisalvii. 201 tion," in " Verhandlungen der Physikalischen Gesellrisirten Platinspiegeln, "





ib. xli.

schaft zu Berlin,"

"Ueber einen Quecksilber-

xi. 3;

Lichtbogen," ib. p. 6. Bibliography Die Nation,

1897-98, p. 18



1898-99, p. 422.

s.

Ber.

I.

ARONSON, RUDOLPH atrical

manager born

in

Composer and



New

York, April

8,

the1856.

He

early manifested talent for music, and after his graduation from the New York high school was sent to the Vienna Conservatory. After completing his course there, he entered the Paris Conservatoire, devoting himself to a careful study of the French composers. He had a strong predilection for the lyrical genre, and it was the popular rather than the classic compositions that he strove to master in re gard to style and method. Returning to America, Aronson first came promi nently before the public as the director of fashionable concerts in Madison Square Garden, New York

and such was the success of these concerts that he built a concert-hall at Forty-first street and Broadway, opened May 27, 1880. In connection

now popular " roof -garden " introduced as a summer feature. He subsequently secured capital for a theater to be devoted solely to the elaborate performance of light operas the Casino, a fine specimen of Moorwith

was

this enterprise, the

first

—

opened Oct. 22, 1882, which was permanent home of light opera in America. Aronson has composed over 150 dances, marches, and various other orchestral pieces, many of which have been successfully performed by Gilmore, Cappa, Eduard Strauss, Theodore Thomas, and other prominent orchestral leaders. Bibliography Dramatic Mirror, New York Boston Times, Feb. 26, 1888; New York Herald, May 28, 1880; Who's Who

ish architecture,

the

first





in America,

1901.

SO.

J.

A.

ARONSSOHN, JACOB EZEKIEL



German

physician and medical writer; born in 1774; died June 12, 1807; obtained his degree of M.D. in 1800; and subsequently became teacher at the Berlin Of his various publications may be University. Medicinische Gesch. der FranzoDomingo im Jahre 1803, oder Ueber dasGelbe Fieber," Berlin, 1805 (translation of a French work by N. P. Gilbert, treating of the yellow fever) (2) " Die Kunst des Zahnarztes oder Vollstandiger Theoretischer und Praktischer Unterricht iiber der an den ZahnenVorkommenden Chirurgischen Operationen, die Einsetzung KunstlicherZahne, Ob-

mentioned: sischen

(1)

Armee

"

in St.



duratoren und Kilnstlicher Gaumen" (translated from the French by L. Laforgne, with illustrations, Ber" Vollstandige Abhandlung Aller Venelin, 1803) (3) rischen Krankhciten," with annotations by F. W. Wolf, Jr., Berlin, 1808; (4) "Grundliche Anleitung zur Zweckmassigen Einrichtung der Apotheken," with illustrations, Berlin, 1804 (5) " Die Kunst das Leben des Schonen Geschlechts zu Verlangern," with illustrations, Berlin, 1804; 2d ed., 1807; (6) " Rechtfertigung der Schutzblattern, oder Kuhpoc;



kenimpfung,"

Berlin,

1801;

(7)

"

Toilettenkunst-

Recepte, 64 Wohlfeile, Bewiihrte, nach Chemischen und Diiitischen Grundsiitzen Abgefasst, zur Beforderung und Erhaltung der Schonheit," Berlin, 1805.

Bibliography Teutschland



Fttrst,

im

Bihl. Jud.;

J. S.

Men Jahrhundert,

Meusel,

xlii.

Das

Oelehrte

36; A. C. P. Callis-