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134 Aroer Aronssohn

AROER A name probably meaning " busbes of dwarf juniper" (Lagarde, "Scm." i. 30), which is applied in the Old Testament to three distinct local:

ities. " Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of 1 Anion " (Deut. ii. 36, R. V.), is probably represented by the present ruins of 'Ara'ir on the north bank of the Arnon ravine, about eleven miles from the mouth of the river (Tristram, "Moab," pp. 129-131). The city was still standing in the time of Eusebius. This place was usually described by its situation, in order to distinguish it from other localities of the same .

name (Deut.

iii. 12, iv. 48 Josh. xii. 2, xiii. 9 Judges Sam. xxiv. 5). It appears first as having been captured by the Amorite king Sihon from Moab (compare Num. xxi. 26). It should be noted that in the Mesha inscription, 1. 26, it is mentioned as having been built by the Moabites. After Israel's attack on the Amorites, it was assigned as part of the territory of the tribe of Reuben, whose southern frontier it marked. This is the city mentioned in Num. xxxii. 34, with the southern towns, as having been

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THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

by the children of Gad before the distribution of the land. When Hazael and his Syrians took from Israel the territory across the Jordan, Aroer is given as its southern limit (II Kings x. 33). It is clear, from Jer. xlviii. 19, that the Moabites ultimately recovered it from the Israelites. 2. city in the territory of the tribe of Judah It has (I Sam. xxx. 28, and probably Josh. xv. 22). been identified with the ruins of 'Ar'ara, twenty miles south of Hebron and twelve miles southeast from Beer-sheba. David sent to the elders of this city a share of the booty taken from the Amalekites

built

A

who had

attacked Ziklag (I Sam. xxx. 28). town east of Rabbath-Ammon (Josh. xiii. 25) 3. in the territory of the tribe of Gad, originally an Ammonite city (Judges xi. 33). It has not yet been identified. According to Jerome ("Onomasticon Sacrum," 96, 5), it was on a mountain, twenty Roman miles north of Jerusalem. The reading " the cities of Aroer are forsaken " (Isa. xvii. 2) is probably incorrect, as it presents many geographical difficulties, occurring as it does in connection with " the burden of Damascus. " While it is possible that there may have been another Aroer near Damascus, it is more likely that the passage should be rendered " the cities thereof shall be for-

A

required a special dispensation to qualify for the office. In Strasburg Aron acquired the reputation of an eloquent and inspiring preacher and a zealous communal worker. He assisted in founding the

School of Arts and Trades and took active interest in other useful

In 1855 he convened an assembly of the rabbis of the department of the Lower Rhine for the consideration of religious questions. Aron is the author of a devotional work which enjoys great institutions.

popularity among French Israelites. This is "Prieres d'un Coeur

Arnaud Aron.

Israelite," a collection of prayers, partly original

who

Subseraised the white flag on the cathedral. quently he was decorated by the German emperor. I.

s.

ARON, EMIL



and the universities of Berlin, Munich, and Heidelberg, being graduated from the last-mentioned with the degree of doctor of medicine in 1888. After lin,

a tour to Vienna, Paris, and London, Aron in 1890 He established himself as a physician in Berlin. was assistant physician in the Jewish Hospital in that city from 1891 to 1896, becoming specialist in laryngology. Aron has been a contributor to the " Berliner Klinische Wochenschrif t " ("ZurKasuistik der Halsrippen," 1892, etc.), Virchow's "Archiv fur Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fur Klinische Medizin" (" Ueber die EinwirkungVerdichteter und Verdiinnter Luft auf den Intratracheal

DruckbeimMenschen," 1892, etc.), izinische Wochenschrif t " ("Zur

xi. 44).

journals. J.

jr.

D. P.

B.

German physician born at He received Stettin, Pomerania, March 12, 1864. his education at the Werdersehe Gymnasium at Ber:

saken. " This emendation, proposed by Lagarde, has been quite generally accepted by modern scholars. The Gentile name from Aroer is Aroerite (I Chron. j.

and

drawn from Biblical and other Jewish sources. In this work he had the assistance of Ennery. Arnaud Aron was the author of the catechism used for confirmation as prescribed by the Consistory of Lower In 1866 the French government acknowlAlsace. edged his services by appointing him a Knight of the Legion of Honor. In 1870, while Strasburg was besieged, it was he, together with the archbishop, partly

Pneumothorax,"

1896,

etc.),

"Deutsche MedBehandlung des and other medical

Bibliography: Wrede, Das Geislige Berlin,

s.t.,

Berlin,

1898.

ARON HA-KODESH Ark

synagogue.



Hebrew name for Ark op the Law.

the

See Chief rabbi of Strasburg, Alsace born March 11, 1807, in Sulz unterm Walde, Destined for a rabAlsace, and died April 3, 1890. in the

ARON, ARNATJD





binical career, he began his Talmudic studies at an early age at Hagenau and continued them at Frank fort-on-the-Main. In 1830 he became rabbi of the small community of Hegenheim in Upper Alsace; and the more important Jewish community of Stras-

burg called him to be its spiritual head in 1833. As he was under thirty, the age prescribed by law, he

F. T. H.

s.

ARON, HENRY:

French publicist; born in 1842; died there Nov. 13, 1885. He was a pupil of the Ecole Normale and obtained a fellowship there in 1865, but soon gave up teaching to join the staff of the "Journal des Debats," and Paris,

Nov.

11,

"Revue Politique et LitteAron afterward became secretary of the " Revue des Deux Mondes. " In 1876 he was entrusted by Ernest Picard, minister of the interior, with the management of the "Journal Officiel" and of the

also collaborated in the raire. "

"Bulletin Francais," but on the resignation of the