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91 "which some information of earlier times might have been gleaned, is, unfortunately, no longer extant. Bibliography Helferich, Westgothiseher Arianismus und die Spanische KetzergescliicMe, 1860; Gratz, Die WestgothUche Gesetzgebung in Betreff der Juden, 1858, In Jahresbericht des Jild. Theologischen Seminars in Breslau.

K.

S.

ARIAS, JOSEPH

ZEMAH (SAMEH)

Kr.

Ma-



rano litterateur flourished in the latter part of the seventeenth century. He belonged to the literary coterie of Joseph Penso, the dramatist, and held a high commission in the Spanish army at Brussels. He attained the rank of captain and was at one time adjutant to Colonel Nicolas Oliver y Pullano. He is heard of in Brussels and in other Dutch cities as the companion of the poet De Barrios. He is better known, however, from his translation into Spanish of Josephus' "Contra Apionem," which appeared in Amsterdam, 1687, under the title, "Repuesta de Josepho Contra Apion Alexandrino, Traduzida por el Capitan Joseph Semah Arias." The translation was dedicated to Isaac Orobio de Castro,' and was printed with the approbation of Isaac Aboab de Ponseca.

Bibliography: Gratz, Gesch. der Juden, 3d ed., x. 181; Kayserling, Sephardim, pp. 253, 351 idem, Bilil. Esp.-Port.-Jud.

p. 13.

H

ARIAS

E.— G. (BENEDICTTJS)

MONTANTJS

Spanish priest and Orientalist born in 1527 at FreseEstremadura; died 1598 at Seville. Philip II. entrusted him with the editing of the Polyglot

Bible which was printed in Antwerp (1568-1572) under the title, "Biblia Sacra, Hebraice, Chaldaice, Grace, et Latine, Philippi II., Regis Catholici Pietate et Studio ad Sacrosancta? Ecclesia? Usum Chph. Plantinus Excudebat. " Arias was accused of Judaizing, on account of his insertion in the Polyglot of certain Aramaic paraphrases tending to confirm the Jews in their claims but he was acquitted of the charge through a favorable report on the matter by the inquisitor, P. Mariana (1580). He translated

Benjamin of Tudela's "Masa'ot" into Latin (1575, 1636, 1764), and was the author of " Antiquitatum Judaicarum " (published, with engravings, in Leyden, 1593), and many other works. Bibliography McClintock and Strong, Cijclopedia, s.v.; La Grande Encyclopedie, s. v.; Tomas Gonzalez Carbajol, in Memoires de VAcademie Royale de Madrid, vii. HerzogHauck, RealencyKlopildie, s.v. Montanus. T. S. g.



ARIEL—Biblical

Data

Proper name of a recognizable in the name of the Gadite clan Areli(Gen. xlvi. 16; Num. xxvi. 17, Ariel in LXX.), and occurs also in II Sam. The xxiii. 20, R. V., and in I Chron. xi. 22, R. V. text is corrupt. LXX. in Samuel has " two sons of

man (Ezra viii.

16).

1.



The name

is

Ariel"; Targ. "two mighty men." Proposed emendations are: "two lions (or, lion whelps)" or "two The reference may be to persons or sons of Uriel." Form and meaning are uncertain. Sugto beasts. gested interpretations are: "lion of God," or,, by change of vowel, "light of God," or "God is my light. " 2 Poetic name for Jerusalem (Isa. x xi x 1 2,.

.

variously explained (Targ.

" altar ").

,

The illustra-

unto me as Ariel, the city shall reek with blood, like an altar) suggests tion in verse 2 (" Ariel

.

.

.

shall be





In Rabbinical Literature The name Ariel Lion of God ") was applied not only to the altar (Targum, Isa. xxix. 1), but also to the whole Temple.

("

The Talmud

(Mid. iv. 7) points out that the Temple the Hekal resembled a lion in being broad in front and tapering toward the rear. Con-

— that

—

is,

cerning the

Temple

name

Ariel, a

Midrash remarks that the

called "lion" (Isa. I.e.), and so also is the house of David (Ezek. xix. 2-7) and Judah (Gen. xlix. 9). Nebuchadnezzar, likewise, is called " lion " (Jer. iv. 7) and it was this lion that destroyed the is



Temple, deposed the house of David, and carried j.



Arioch

that the second "Ariel" equals "altar" or "altar hearth " so probably in Ezek. xliii. 15, 16, and in the inscription of Mesha, line 12. Por a proposed sense, " cresset " or " candelabrum, " see note on Ezek. xl. 49 in "Sacred Books of the O. T." (ed. Haupt). The etymology of the word is uncertain, possibly mx, "hearth," with > formative. The name of the city will then be an imitation of the name " Jerusalem " (perhaps properly Urushalem, " city of Shalom "), " city of God " (Uriel or Uruel). It is otherwise interpreted as " altar-hearth of God " that is, the place devoted to the worship of God. j. jr. T.

Judah

G.

enal,

7),

Arianism

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

91

into captivity (Ex. R. xxix.

9).

L. G.

sr.

ARIMATHffiA, JOSEPH OF.

See Joseph

op Arimath^a.

ARIOCH—

1. King of Ellasar, Biblical Data one of the four kings who invaded Palestine in the The style of the days of Abraham (Gen. xiv. 1, 9) chapter in Genesis is such as to make it probable that the narrative, though embellished, rests on some hisMidrash Gen. R. xlii. seeks to identorical tradition. tify Arioch with Yawan (changed by the censor into Antiochus), and remarks further that coins the name of which bore some resemblance to the name Ellasar were still in circulation. It is now, however, generally held that Arioch, king of Ellasar, is identical with Eri-aku, king of Larsa, found in cuneiform inscriptions, though it should be added that no account of Eri-aku's campaign has as yet been discovered, so that only the identity of the two names can be maintained with certainty. We know that Eri-aku was conquered by Hammurabi, the Amraphel of Gen. xiv. 1, and that he became a vassal to him. The ruins of Larsa cover the site known as Senkereh.

.

Bibliography Schrader, K. A. T. 2d ed., p. 135, Eng. ed., p. 121 Hommel, Ancient Hebrew Tradition, index, s.v. Eriahu Jensen, In Z. D. M. G. 1. 247 et seq.





2. Captain of Nebuchadnezzar's guard, mentioned in Dan. ii. 14, 15. king of the Elymeseans (Elamites) in alli3. ance with Nebuchadnezzar (Judith i. 6). C. B. L. j. jr.

A

In Rabbinical Literature



In Arioch of El-

Midrash finds an indication of the fate of the Jews under Antiochus Epiphanes [Arioch being lasar the

construed as Antioch(us)] (Gen. R. xlii. 4). In the other Arioch, "the captain of the king's guard" (Dan. ii. 14), the Rabbis recognize Nebuzaradan, who was given this name because he roared like a lion

(HK) against the captured Jews (Lam. R.

v. 5;