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38 Abbas. Moses Abbreviations It is of

twt'iity.

The

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA a moral and religious character. contains a conipU'tf system

tiftccntli clisiplcr

of siuilies

arniii.i.'((l

iiccdnlinjr I" lUMlajrogical prin-

has been translated from the liodleian manuscript by M. GUdeniaun. ".IlUl. LiiteniehtsCommencing with the readiiift and wesen," i. 147. interpretation of the Bible, he would have the child

ciples,

A

IjM'we in Ifmcriptivc Vttt'*. Lintis Li>iiri p. .'tS; SteinsrlineUkT. llchr, VilniH. p. II. IIiu.

II.

Liln-firii



ABBAS, MOSES
 * M'isi>iis

in Zuiiz



.V

borne by several

ii;iine

111' wlidiii tbi' follduinjr three are mentioned (' l.ileinliirgcseh," |>. ;>4".2) 1. .Moses Abbas

flourished about 1400 and carried on a correspondence with the I'rovenc/al pf>et Solomon Honied, who Isaac ben Sheshet dedicated several poems to him. mentions him as the ])U]>il of Hisdai ben Solomon. 2. Moses ben .lacob .libas of Tyre, physician and fioiwislied in the second half of the siteiiitb poet .Vbout l.'iTH he addressed a i)oem to the century. 3. Moses Judah l)oet Saadia l.ongo in Salonieu. Abbas, of Hebron; lived about KKiO.

BuiLiO(R.Krnv: Montcnore (.lews' Cdllcccl MS.. No.S42. fol. 12 No. 24:), fol. UK; Conforte. I^nrr lui-Diinit.tp.W. 4'.); Cunnoly,



Hift.dc.'i

i<iem, (lirnttivh:iiff tin: St**ins('l)neiiifr, Jletir. UihL xiv.~i};

3/'''/('ri/(.'<./»(/.'*,

pp.

(1.5,

211.5;

Yaluja FainUii (Ui'hr.^ SUtriat vGermiHi

l)e itossi, iJizianarin

ed.'. p.

1.

II. II.

ABBAS, MOSES JUDAH: A Hebrew

poet;

lived alMiut tbi' middle of the seveMteenth century He was a descendant of tlic at Hosetla. in Egypt. Abtias family, whose poetic bent continued to manifest itself even when the neo-Helirew poetry was on Jloses Judah Abbas hen Jleir (this is the decline, his full name according to Pollak) was also eminent He left a commentary on the Talas a Tidmiulist. mudic treatises Kallah, Soferim, and Seniahot, which were in the possession of A/.ulai. and several respraisa. which still exist iu manuscript in the Bodleian collection.

BiBLiocHAPnv

Conforte.



Kore ha-Dnrut,

Azului,.sVif III lui-<.ltiliiUm'. No. Xi. p. 07

Bihl.

.iv.

Til;

(i.

I'ollak.


 * Aintnmlf hn-'Altiuhih,



p. .">2<(, od. C.issel Steinsclinelder. Hihr. U. 2'.)4 ; Lnnilsliutli,

llii-Karmd.

p. IV^K I.

ABBAS

UA

does not dilTcr greatly from the Judivo-Spauish and Spanish versions existing at the time of its appearance.

Abbas was the possessor of a valuable collection of in Hebrew. Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin.

it

study, in rejiular order, morals, medicine, arithmetic, logic, physics, and, as the very last subject, metaphysics. Bini.iofiR.^PHY: -VimnlsKo/irf/f, x.xvlll., reprinted liy Jnmes

(ABAS),

RAPHAEL BEN

G.

JOSH-

Printer and editor at Am.sterdaiu contempoand undoulitedly a relative, of A.vitoN Ann.s. He supplemented the work of Aaron Abbas by pnblisliing the other book of Aaron Perahyah. " Pirke Kehinah " (.Vnisterdam. 1709). Ho is probably identical with the Ra|iliael li. Joshua de Palaeios (whose



rary,

name

Steinsehneider transcribes "di Palasios "), coeditor with Samuel ben Solomon Marques (Steinschneider. "JIaTches," "JIarkis") of the treatise 'Krubin (.Vmsterdam, printing-office of Iiumanuel Benveniste, 171), This edition bears the stamp of apjiroval of the censor JIarcus Mariiuis, Bini,ioGR.vrHv: Steinsr-tuiekler, Cat. Bi nil. cols. 725,3023; Wolf, 7!iW. //<•)»•. Hi. 99S; Krscli and Gnitjer, fijicwWouadic, x.vviii. 72.

W. M.

ABBAS (ABAS, ABATZ), SAMUEL

ISAAC

B.

half of ili.- -.rMiiteenth ceiituiy at Amstei'dam. wlieie his 7(I|. ba-Lebul)ot which gave to this widely circulated work a decided accession of )iopularity among tlir' Se]>liardie eonmiunities of western Europe. This translation. iii)ai t fiom the language,

lialibi iiiilie hiilcr

(

88

hooks

A

thirty-page catalogue of the collection, printed iu in the year of his death.

Amsterdam, appeared

Buihlooini'iiY KavsorllnR, Bili.E^iiii.-l'nii.Juil., p. 1 StelnsrlineldiT, Cat. Hiidl. col, 7S.' Zunz, Z. G. p, 2:i"> Wolf, Uilil.







Ihtir. pp. 177, 413, 1088.

-^y

ABBAS, SAMUEL ABU NASR IBN



-^r

.V

snn

iiAH ii;.N. i;s oi Ki./,; Iifil in tlic IwoH'iJi .losrph Sambaii and Uic " Viihasin" call ceiituiy. him Samml Ixii Azai-iah (" Hev. El. Juives," iv. IHH, v. 't'i), which Sleinschneitler believes to be a mistake originating in his Arabic name. " Abu Nasr. " Abbas

of

.Ii

studied philosophy, mathematics, and medicine; and for purposes of study he traveled in Irak, Syria, Azerbaijan, and Kohistan. In the city of Maragha he claimed to have hail two visions (on the !Mh of Zul-Hijjah. .j.)8 November 8, lUW. though this date seems to be too lali'). in which .Mohammed appeared to him. He thereupon emliiaecd Islam, taking the name of Samaual Yal.iya al .Maghrabi. He composed a poleiuical treatise, "Ifliam id-Y;ihu<l" (Confutation of the Jews), called also " Kitati-al nakd wal-ibram" (Hiischfeld, "Das Bueh al-Cliazaii." p. v.). In this work he points out that from time to time the abiogation of the Law is neces.sary and that, ill fact, it has often occurred in Judaism. He tries to prove the prophetic character of Jesus and of .Mohaiumed claiming that the first of these is refi'inl to in f!en. xlix. Ill, and the latter in Gen. xvii. 3 (INO TND3 has nunierically the .same value as lono Molianuiu(l). lie allinns iliat the Jews of his lime possess the Torah of Ezra and not tli;it of Closes, and that too many laws have been added by the sages of the Mishnali and the (Jemara. Kaiifmann has shown that Abraham ibn Daud, in 1161, knew of this treatise ("Hev. fit. Juives." x.

=



2.51),

and Maimonides ,seems to refer

to it in his

Iggeret Teman '; but otherwise it exerciseil no influence on Jewish literature ("Z.D.JI.G." xlii. ."i:!!!). For reference to less known philosophical works of Abbas, see Steinschneider. " Ilebr. Bibl." xix. 3.'), "Cat. Bodl." col. 2442. Upon the basis of his "Ifham al-Yahud" there was compiled in the hfteentli century the celebrated antijewish willing called "Epistola Samuelis Maroceaiii.'' which is said to have been translated from the Arabic by Ai.konsis BoxiuoMixis. Including the first, C'dition of 147.5, this trad went through at least nine editions "

in Latin, five in German, and one in It.alian. In the Eseurial there exists a Spanish translation in manuscript (see Jacobs, "Sources," Xo. 1207; compare Kayserling. in "Jew. Quart. Rev." viii. 497; Steinschneider has called attention to this in his "Cat. Bodl." col. 24::!8). A Kussian version was issned in 185.5 by the Kiev Pecherskaya Lavra (Monastery). An English version appeared at York in ll>49 under the title of " The Blessed Jew of Jlorocco or. the black Moor JIade white." There exists also, in manuscript, a " Disputatio Abulalib Saraceni et S.iniuelis Jiahei." consisting of seven epistles, translated from Arabic into Latin by Alfonsus Bonihominis, Its connection with the subject of this article has not yet been ascertained. BinLiOf;RAI'HV: Steinsetineider, Pntcm. und Apnhm. Lit. pp.

i;i7: Sohreiner, in Mi matsschrif I. xlii. V£i-V>. xliii. .521. M. Wiener, in 'Emch ha-Saka. p. xxv.. has pubii.slied a portion of the Jf /mm, which, deals with David Alrov; compare also |7)P(I., p. IBS; Rrr. £(. jHirc.*, xvl. 215; Zri't. f. Ilil,r. 7?i?<(.. 1897. ii.l89: Jcic. Quart. Rci'.xi. 332; (iiidHmann. fws L'ntcrrichtewesen uiihrend d. Spanm'h-Ariilii.-thin 211,

JM.

Pcriodc.p.JS.

H. HlK.-G.