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654 Antoli

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Antonia our

for— txith

sciilptDrs stnnd

lM*(*n in)tnirt>st frniii

a

Itn*

ani'lfnl

and inmlem. This hiw Ms raniT when he

very b<>irlnnlnff nf

ItusNian art |)n*ss then wctroiiHHl hliii jt>yfully. But when ilh a yuiiih hi* cj-i-atcil his * Ivan tlic Tcrril)li'' 111' asKiumlitl I'vi'ry nn<: . Slmc thai llnii> his ri'puta. tlon liiLs su-ailily ifniwn. ami our synipatlilcs art' imin' and more with hlin. Antokulskt i-an nut Ih* cliLsst'd with the rest of our artists, not eyen with llie most eonsplruuus anionir them. It must not IH' foiirotien that he Is a Jew anil what this means In Utissta ; that tiefnre aehievlDi; anything; he was <-om)M-lled to iinder(fo harilshljis whirh no artist .>( any other niee would havi> been made to underpo. Ihe Ixilil fearles.sni-ss of Antokolski was the ^rreuter liecHiise. insieaci of hitiintr his .lewish oritriii. instead of eauslnir it to he forpitten. he louilly pn>elajined it. Yram the ery llrsi he appeared ttefore the ludtresof the aeadeniy and the liii.sslan puhllc w Ith suhjeets aiid typi^s of a purely Jewish elianieter. Furlnnatelv at that time Kns>.lai) s.i,-|..ty, at ^vi4> y<*t

s(iiili-nt.

'I'hf

.

654

return l)ccame a convert to Cliristianitv, and was liaptized at Wnlfcnliimd. The diikc i>f"liriiiisvick appointed him |)rofcssor of llelirew at Ilelnistt'dt. lie was disiiiii;tiislicd from the usual .lewisli convert to t'hristianily hy the fact that, tludiirh lie occasionally reviled liis former corcli_;;ionists, he also spoke well of them, even vindicating them in his hook on the .lewish oath ("Einleiliing in die .Illdischeii iind Kahhinisclien Heclile, dahey Inshesondciheit von cinein .Indencide," etc., Brunswick, I?.")!!), iiirainst some of Eiscnmenirer's aspersions. Anion took part in llic well known dispute lietween .lac(di Emden and .loiiathan KibenschUl/, in which he warmly deliiolrd Ihe latter some say at Kilienschi'itz' re(|nest (" Kin/c Nachlicht von deni Falsclien Jlessias. Shal)lielliai Z(dii."etc., WolfenhUtlel, IT.VJ: "Nachlesezu Dieser Nacliricht." Brunswick, 17."):S). He wrote a Latin tract on the leirend of "The Wanih'rinir ,lew," entitled "Commeiilalio Historicade.lnila'o Immortali in (|iia h.ic Kalmla Examinatiir et ConftitaUir,"

—

Ih'lmstedt, ITotl; Iranslali'd .Vhraham .hiirel's catecliism." I.ekal.i Tcdi " (0 1 Iiistriiction), Brunswick, 17.")(!;

and gave a description of a rare copy of '.Vriik Eben ha-Kzer," to he foniid in

".''^hiilhan

inanusciipt in Ihe City l.ihniry. llamhiirg.

lie also

w nde" Fiilnila'.Vntic|iiitatiim Ehraicariim Veteriiin," lie., Brtinswick. lT.")t). His "Sammliing einiger ItaliliinischerOden nebst einer Frcyen riiersidzting," liriinsxvick, 1T.")8. is a enrions ]irodnction. as the odes are written neither in Hebrew nor in Habbinic. and would be unintelligible but for the accoin|)auying

German

translation.

Bnii,ioi;RAriiv



Ciriitz, Gi.icli. d.

Jinhn.

lid

ed„

x. 371.

S.

A. H.

ANTON DE MORTORO KOPERO. See loiCI Kn,. ton Mi.lcKilCO, ANTONIA The name given by Herod the Great 111.



to a torlriss on the north side of the Temple at .Jerusalem. It formed ii projectiidi on the noi'tliwest, so hat it Wits not till it was destroyed that the Temple area became ti S(|nare (.Joscphns, "IS. J." v. ,5, sj 2 and vi. Ti, ^ A). According to the historian, the circuit was large enough to enclose broad s])aces for quarters for troops, with courts and baUis rcsemIding a ]ialace. These courts ad .joined the norlli and west cloisters of the outer enclosure of the Temple. There were four corner towers, and the main ciladel, on a lofty scarped rock, was said to bc'jOcubits lii.trh. The corner towers were of the same hi'iglit, but that on the .southeast, rising from lower ground, wjts 70 cubits high, A deep ditch separated the fortress from the hill of Bezctha to the north ("B. .1." v. 4. Js 2), and the rock hid the Temple from view on this side, while a secret passage leil from Antonia to the inner Temple (". t." xv.'ll. j; 7). The rock so described is evidi'iitly that on which the modern barracks are now built, at the northwest corner of the Htiram enclosure. This block of rock is scarped on either side, and rises 30 feet above the inner court, arid about (!0 feet above the ancient ditch to the north, which is 165 feet wide. The block is about 140 feet thick north and south, and e.vtends for 3.")0 feet eastward from the ncd-thwest an.srle of the lltirain. The buildings erected iijion it are comiiarativclv modem, but the ancient Temple wall, of large masonry adorned with projectin.s pillars, adjoins the scarp on the west. The remains of the underground passage (cut in the rock) are fountl still to the north of the present "Dome of the Rock " in the Temple enclosure, leading northward in the direction of the cast end of the scarji, toward the position of the soiithea.st corner tower, which has. however, disappeared in consequence of alterations in this part of I

"Ivan the Terrible," by Antokolski. (From a photograph.)

least a ereal part of

it. Iiepan to relieve It.self of the shameful views and opinions of former epwlis. 'I'he preailiini.'s of rirnpov. that the Jews had a ripht to live, resounded throuirhout Ilussia and found a ready response in many hearts. Tills time even the aeademy was not to Ik' outdone in penerosity, and it pranted Antokolski, in ISIU, the second silver medal for his oarvlnp In wood, 'The .Jewish Tailor'" ("Vyestnlk Ycvropy,"

1SK3,

1.

tiSO-OiK).

Bibliography burp,

lS)Iiuliitiiiii,

in

Vllisltiilt }ViTop)/, February, 1883 ; David Mapiriil. ,1 ii(o;ir>(s/fi (In Hebrew), Wai-saw, 18!»; ; Artnhioiirniiiiii. in Vurxl7)iA- I'm-opi/, 18S7, .os.fland 10: lia.slikovski. Sm-}i nn innir

liiisskK-Vi rn isl.iiir Diicuntcti. i.7 it x, i;.. iiiies.-,a. Is'.r.i; ,!(/,(. y.iit. (l.Jihl. Iks:!, p. i;tci; .1 rt ./oi(r;io(. pp. Iitl luT, Loudon. 1889; Iiiltniiiii-niiil Stuilio, Oetober, 1900, No. 3, pp. 59, 60.

18',);;

Uudunluliiiuft, II.

ANTOLI.

S.-c .Vn

R.

ATOLi.

ANTON, SANCHEZ. See SAXrnEZ Axtonio. ANTON, CAKL (originally Moses Gershon Cohen)

.VittliKr; liorii in >[ilaii (Conrland). of Jew: pmiiitaire; lived in the fiirhteenth centurj-. lie claimed descent from Ilayyim Vital Calabresc." After isli

stiidyingfor seven yetirs at Prajrno tinilcr .loiijttlian Eihcnscluitz, Anton'tniveltd in the East, and ou Lis