Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/697

641 THE

641 Upon

exi^ulinn of his sons

till-

in tlic

JKWI.SII

year 7

nc,

Herod uoniinatcii AntipatiTiissuccessfir tollio tlirone of .Jiideii. and iniiiudiately fravc liiin Shares the a sliar<' in the jrnvcninicnt Imt, in the Govern- fearof a possilile discovery of liis plols

ment

and of a iurllur

clianirc in the dispositionof the kimrdoin. Aniipaler souirht iironse Herod's suspicions against to He sent the otiier two sons, Philip and An liclaus.

of Judea.

some inlhienlial friends at Home, reiiucstthem to ask Herod to despatch Antipater to Home. Herod complied with tlicir rei|uest, and sent Safe liy him many costly presents to the emperor. now from detection Antipater could more easily preHe jiare the execution of his plots and counterplots. letters to

injj

sent Hulhyllus, one of his freedinen. to Jerusalem with lettera accusinj^ Philip and Arclielaus; and he allied himself with Acme, a Jewish slave of IJvia, as he knew that Salome corresponded with the empress, and that, throiisrh the ird'onnation he would thus frain, he could accuse Salome of treach<'ry aijainst llercKl. to whom hi' even .sent a letter purjiortini; to At thi' he from Herod's sister, e.vposinir her guilt. same time, he was plottiuf^ with Salome and Pheroras ajiainst Herod, and is sjud even to have sent to Pheroras poison which cillier he or his sister was to give to Herod. But an incident occurred that upset all of Antipntcr's liiiiKius plans,

and

brou.ilht

hiiu to

his ile-

an investiiration into the It was at served fate. death of Pheroi-as. whose wifi- had l)een accused of having poisone<l liim, that, in eslalilishing her innocence, the villainy of Antipater was laid bare. In the meantime, correspondence between Acme and Antipater having been intercepted, Herod sent a letter to I{ome in most alTectionate tirnis. Meets His asking . lipater to return to Jerusalem. which he unsuspectingly did. On Fate. his way, while in ('ilicia, he heard of Pheroras' death, of his mother's secon<l banishment. and vague rumors of the accusations that awaited him. He nevertheless continued on his journey to Jerusalem; hoping, probably, to allay his father's On his arrival Herod accused him besuspicions. fore a tribunal headed liy (Juintilius Varus; but though Nicolas id' Damascus laiil bare the whole ]ilot, and though the iliadly poison itself was pro duced and tisted in open court. Antipater's sixcch which moved Varus and in answer to the accusers even Herod himself innsl have had its elTect. since . lipater was proa verdict was not jironounced.

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visionally cast into prison, anil Herod sent letters to Augustus, with full information of his son's machinations, and with the rei|Uest that he be anthori/.ed 'I'lie emperor's reply stated that to piuMsh him. Acme had been ]iut to death, and thai Herod was at liberty to deal with his son as he deemed best. The e.veculion of Antipater (4 is.c.) took place under somewhat peculiai circumstances. Herod, in an attack of fren/.y, had attempted suicide, and Archiabus with a loud cr had torn the knife from the

Antipater, whose prison was only a king's hands. liltie distance away, heard the cry. and. thinking Herod dead, tried to bribe the jailer to liberate him. Herod harned of .Vnlipater's action, and the ex ecution of the latter was ordered and carried out on the spot. Bim.ioisn.irnv S I;

xvll.

am. J4I Ihr y/. I ..•(.»,

III.

Jnseptais. Atil. xlv. li, 1 1 ; xvl. :t. ( ^; xvl. 4. lileiii. /J.J. I.il, «1: (irittz. (,-.»r»i. ./. lull, II. «i;.: SihnriT. Iluull. I.. ]mn. l it /.; Karnir. lip. lit -( «<7.

« 1;

r,,

1 1

M

m

V.

ANTIPATER, SON OF JASON. sMoM. THAN TIM I.— 41 I

I

N

M.

See Jon A

Antipater Anti-Semitism

EN'CYCLOPEDIA

ANTIPATRIS

City founded about the year 10 Kefar Saba. From a passjige in Josephus it a|ipiars that there had been, in the lime of .Mexander Janiiicus. a town on this site called Kefar Saba ("old village"), which name reapi)ears in the modern Kefr-Saba. It is true that Talmudic authorities distinguish between Antipatris and Kefar Saba; but in all probability lliev intend by the latter name to designate the i!.i

by



IIciikI ilir (Iieat in the jilain of

whole plain. This plain is no doubt identical with the "coast of Antipatris" (Tosef. Dem. i. 11) alluded to by the rabbis about the middle of the second cenFrom such jiassages it appears that Antipatris tury. was inhabited mainly by Samaritans. The expression "coast " does not necessarily imply that the city was in proximity to the sea (as Xeuliauer thinks), inasmuch as Josephus describes the city as surrounded bj' a river; and the term used may also denote the banks of a river. Joseidius detines the location of Antipatris as l")l) (another reading has 100) stadia from Jo]i|)a, at the entranci' into the mountains, and ^'i; miles soulh of Ca'sjirea. upon the highroad from that lily to Lydda a detiiiition which applies very well to the modern Kefr Saba. In Talmudic writings, Antipatris figures as the most northerly limit of Judea (Tosef.. Git. vii. [v.] it; Yoma, (>!)«). which jirobably indicates that at that period about loO to liOII Anti|)atris wasan important city. In the fourth century, however, it had evidently fallen into decay and .lerome designates it as a "semi demolished little town." It was in existence, nevertheless, as late as the eighth century. See also Kefak Saha..

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liiiiLioiiRAPny: Neuhauer, Alteti PalfM ilia. ii>. ISI. i/i'tt)jliiyfh-Hi.-*ltirM-lifi*

ShiiiTr.

(li.srh. II., tile litrraliin- uih'II

f.'.

7". iip. s<>-(i;

llfi.

till.

151,

LfXifnii zu

ai purl.

i:il>-ir)S

.

.

Buh. Gciiiirn)iliie

IM; ,

Hi.i-tlEer,

T(/;>.i-

fI. Jimu'/i/iiw, p.;57;

(uhleh contains a

list iit

tlirsubjeeu.

ANTIPHONY.

L. G.

See Ciiom.

ANTI-SEMITISM: A modern word expressing aiilagonism lo

liir

political

and

social eijuality of

.lews.

The term " Anti-Semitism " has its origin in the ethnological llieory that the Jews, as Semites, are entirely dilVereiit from the Aryan, or Indo-European, ])opulalions and can never be anial.iramated with The word im]ilies thai the Jews are not opIheiii. posed on acccuinl of their religion, but on account of As such are nnntioned: heir racial characteristics. greed, a special aptitude for money-making, aversion to hard work, clannishne.ss and obtrusiveness, lack of social tact, and especially of patriotism. Finally, the term is used to justify resentment for every crime or objectionable act committed by any individual Jew. lis receni origin is proved by the fact that David Kaiifmanu, in 1S74. sjieaks of the ethnic theory of Semilism as "allerneueste Weislieit " ("Maga/in fllr die IJlenilur lies .uslandes," 1S74, No. 44). and Lmlwig Bamberger, in his es.say, " Deutsililum u. Judeiitiim (" I'nsere Zi'il," isso, 104). says. "The war-cry against the Semites is, as the woiil indicates, of very recent date." In his memoirs, too. referring to l.s.'iS or shortly before, Hamlierger says that the wonl ".Semilism" had not then been invented ("Erinneruiigeii," ii. :tll, Herlin. ismt). In February, issi, a correspondent of the " AllgemeineZeilungdes Jiidelilliiims" speaks of " Anti Seinitisin" as a designation which recentiv came into use (".Vllg. Zeil. d. Jiul." ISSl. p. l;tH). On July lit. ]HH-i. the editor says. "This ipiite recent Anti-Semitism ishanlly three years old" {ill. |S,s->, p. 4sit). So far as can bi' ascertained, the word was first printed in IMHO. In that year W.Marr pulilishcd "Zwanglose Antisemitische Hefte." anil I

i".