Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/692

636 ;

Antiachus VII. Antiochus, till'

fortri'ss

Sc:'Oll of

of

Till-:

Bflli/.iir. which liml ili-clnred

for Dc-

Tlii'se anil similar tiitcrpriscs of the Hasinciiicaiis wvrc uiiilcitakiii as iiiiicli ill the iiilcivst of the Jews tlu-iiisclvcs as of the kiiiir. for Dcini-lriiis iiitriiis.

was

foe to

liotli.

power, however, <-hus'

jriiiir<lii"i.

mate lireaking Seleiieiil rule.

ju'rowth of Jewish military seemeil to alarm Trvphoii. Aiitio-

The

for he justly aiipreheiided the ultiaway of the Ji'wish (icople from It

appears, moreover,

tlial

He therefore both niond and jjolitieal grounds. gained ])osse.ssion of Joiuillian's ])erson liy tri'aehery, and murdered him (end of 143). One year afterward. Try]ilioM threw olT the mask, nuirdeicd Anlioehus T., and seated himself upon the throne. BiBl.locR.M-nv; Kwalil. lli.ilnni. v. :i:tl. :!:M: Si-liOn'r. Gruch. See also Willricb, i. i:t:i. w Ill-re further lileralure is quiiied. ,



plius,

"Ant."

2, refers to

§

xiii. 9,

Antiochus Sidetes.

As a result of Hyreamis' va.ssalage to Antiochus. he was compelU-d lo take part in the hitter's expedition against the I'arthians. li'J; but the death of the king next year put an end to this state of subje<-tion. liiiii.ii>iiKAI*liV:

Kwald.

Flathe.

(it-.tt-li.

llift'ii'ii, v.. liiilt-,

JU(tnU-u, index



Mtthtitauu-iin,

si-hftrtT, <r*-.vr/i.

Wellhausen,



/.

J.

(».

2d

1.,

I'Mt tt

11.

index

,,

ANTIOCHUS VII., SIDETES (from Side in Pamphylia); King of Syria, son i.l Kmietriusl; horn



«f//.

Wlllrii-li,

ed.. pp. -Mt rt «'i/.

L.

Tryphoii

was just then (144-14:i) meilitating the removal ot his ward anil Ihesei/.iireof his throne: he feared, however, that .lonalhan woiilil oppose him in this plot on

Jiiitdiiii. p.

636

.IKWISII EN'CYCLl'i;i)lA

G.

ANTIOCHUS VIII., GRYPHUS (•Handle

'—

from he sliape of his nose); King of Syria from l'i'> Horn in the year 141 to 1 13 and from 111 lo JHi n.c. For the first three years of his reign died ilG in-. he w-as actively opposed by Alexander Zabinas. his I

Of

rival for the throne.

necessity, thi-i-efoie, he lived

on terms of amity with the Jews, who in a measure pos.sessed the balance of power. After the ilefeat of Alexander Zabinas, he enjoyed eight years of undisturhed pii.s,sission of the government and eonliniied in his attitude of friendship toward the Jewish people, for he did not yet feel himself sullicienlly strong to insist upon the ti-rnis of the treaty made by Antiochus Sidetes; nor was he any better able to do so in the years 113-!): for although he maiia!r<-d to wrest a part of Syria from hisopi)onent. tioclius IX., the liorlion of the country which borileied on I'alestiue was not includeil. ?'Iathe. (Irsch. Mfilinlniiifnn, it. 1172: Ewald, ItiHi.iofiHAI'IIV Hisliir}/, V. '.MU Kllhn. Bt:HrU{ii: zur (it-m-U. lUr SiiiuIiUh'it^ pp. 14 ft Koi, Si-hunT, (ifftch, i. Af.) ft wi/.; Wellhauseii, i. J.ii. -M ed.. pp. •Mt-»a: Willrli-h. JmUiifn. index.

L. G.

ANTIOCHUS

.Silver rniri nf. tioi-lms VII.

Heart nf.Miii.ichiis, illailenied. nrrnvr : B.SIAF.ns .NTloxov EYEITETOV. Pallas armed, holding Nike and spear. •

(.ft..r

ttardniT. " Caulopii*- of SelciicM Coins.")

In 138 n.r. he deelarod against 104: died 129 n.c. the usurper Tryiihoii. who had taki-n llie jdaee of his blot h(-r Demetrius II.. then a inisoni-r with the Parthiaiis. One of the tirst nets of An1io(-hus Sidetes was to write to the Ilasmoiieaii Simon, eoiifirniing liini in all the privileges conferred by his jiredecessors. Tli(- ol)je(-t of this friendliness was of course to secure Simon's as.sistance, or at least neutrality, in the campaign against Tryphon, and just jis .soon as he gained some sliu-ht successes over the latter, he Iiiradically alfiri-il hisdi-mi-anortowaiil the .lews. not only revoked all iirevious promises, but demanded of Simon |)ossession of the <-on(|Uered cities of .JatTa and Ga/.ara and of the citadel of .lerusiilem, Simon or. in default, a payment of l.OtiO talents.

refused eithi-ralternative, w-liereu]ioii Antiochussent his general C'endeba-us against him, but he was defeated by Simon's sons, Judiili and .John (137). Home alTaii-s took upsomuch time in the succeeding years that Antiochus left the Jews in peace, but as soon as he found leisure he invaded Judea. devastated the country, and besieged in Jerusalem John Hyicanus, who iiad nn-nnw Idle succeeded his fathi-r in the governnient. The siege lasted several years. final terms of peace granted by Antiochus were the surrender of all weai)ons, the ]>aym(-nt of a tax by all cities outside of Judea. .lOd talents, and hostages for security. Hard as these conditions seemed, they were in reality moderate, for Judea lay completely in Antio(-hiis' hands. The supposition advanced by modem si-holars that Rome interfered on bi-half of the Jews, though not impossible, is hardly probable: nor is it likc-lv that the decree of the Senate in Jose-

The

CTZICENUS(from

Cyzidied 95 li.^-. He was the halfbrother of Antiochus VHI., the iireceding king. He rose against him in 113. and for two years was sole He was then, however, comjielled ruler of Syria. to be satistied with the district of Cn-le-syria. since Anlioehus VHI. obtained ]iossession of all the rest. Aceoiding to the description given by Diodoriis. Antiochus IX. was like the fourth Antiochus in ehaiacter and certainly resembled him in hostility to the Jews. Circumstances, it is true, were dilferent the relative strength of Syria and Judea had in tiie meantime undergone changes, very much to tin- advantage of the latti-r. When in llO-iOT li.e. he atlempted to lend assistance to the Samaritans, then hard jiressed by the Jews, he was easily beaten olT. A second attempt to subjugate Judea with the h<-l]) of Egyptian soldiers failed. He was compelli-d to retreat cus)

0'>i-<-i-»<-

IX.,



King of

.Syria;



MhtT

Inni

cif

. ticH-lius l.X.

Ohrn-fr: Head of .tnlloi'hus. diademed. liererw : B.:iEnS .NTIOXOY *I.OII.TPOS. I'allas armed, holding Nike and siwar. (.fltr Git.Iiitr,

" C«taloe,ie of

Seleuciil Coins.

)

and the generals whom he left in command fared no better. Thereu])on Antiochus desisted from further hostilities.

after sulTering

gnat

losses,

Bim.KiGR.vPHV: Flalhe, fVfw?!. MnkriUniifii^. ii. fi73: Ewald, HiVon;. Ki-.m Kuhn. lii-itriiiic ztir ilfxch.ilfr Si-lrukideti, H ft .If!/.: Si-hurer. ilf.^rh. 1. 211) cf wo.: Willrich. Jwlnica,

Index



Wellhausen.

/.

J. G. 2d ed.. p. ai2.

L. G.