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630 "

Anti-Maimonists Antinomian am

THE JEWISH EXCYCLOPEDLV

630

i

was disrontinucd

after a few Aftcran interval of seven years. T. .Macon, a printer, undertook the puhliea-

rcsponsililr iditor.

Tt

nlinbi'rs hail l)ciii issunl.

wliieh also apiiean'd in tion of a third " Anti-.Inif. Algiers as the "orjian of the Anti ?^einitie Li'afriie." The career of this biweekly bejran on .Inly M. l!^i)7. at Mnstaplm. a suburb of Aljriers, and lasted but a short time. No jrreater success atti'iided the ])ublication of the fourth of these anti-Semitic journals, .styleil the " AntiJuif Boursuicnon." which apiieared March i. IS'J.s, at Dijon, after havinj; dropjied its It tried orijiinal name. "Le Libre IJouru'uiL'non." unsuccessfully to imitate the" Libre Parole," the antiSemitic journal of fidouard Drumonl. A fifth jieriodical of like purpose was the " Anti-.Tuif .Marseillais et de la Hegion du Midi," which ajipeared on Aui;. 0. 189S. at Marseilles, and was discontinuecl soon after. In Al.fferia the sixth jiaper devoted to anti .Semilism. ''

" L'Aiiti-.Iuif Al.irerien," a)ipeared. with an illusThe" Anti-Juif tnited supplement. March 27. 1(^98. Stephanois." the seventh, was published at Lyons. Sept. 18. 189S. l)ut was immediately discontiiuied. The eighth, a weekly, describing itself as an "organ of the Anti-Semitic Lea.irue," was published in Paris on Aug. 11 of the sjime year. Nineteen ntimbers appeared in 1898. and forty-one in 1899. The first numbers were signed by Chanteloube as res])onsilile e(litor; the last were issued under the editorship of Jules Guerin. notorious for his escapade in the HueChabrol. where he defied arrest for s(mie days in a dwelling-house (No. .il) that was ironicallv called "Fort Chabrol" (Aug. and Sept. ,1899). Wil'h hisimiirisonment the publication ceased. The ninth, the "AnliJuif du Midi." appeared June 11. 1.S99. at Montjiellier; its publication ceased with the third number. small paper, more vituiierative even than the preceding, and called " L'Anti-Youtre. Or.srane de Protestation Sociali'" (Oriran of Social Protest), was edited at Lille by NoOl Gaulois (i)seudonym of Emmanuel Gallian), and printed in Paris, in JIarch. April, and May. lsi)l. Four numbers <mly of this sheet appeared. Parodying the well-known e.xclanuition of Gambetta, it ]iroclaimed as its motto; "The real enemy is the Jew!" {Le Ynuire c'cst I'e/nirmi). In its second number it printed some illustrations rcpresentin.sr the so-culled Damascus alTair. in which a bleeding child was pictured. The editor did not even know that the Damascus affair was caused by the disappearance of an old monk. Sec Dam.^sci-s.

A

M.

ANTI-MAIMONISTS, THE.

S.

SecM.viMoxisTS.

ANTINOE City in the south of Middle Egypt, on the eastern bank of the Nile: foiuideil by the emperor Hadrian in the year 122. Jews seem to liave come to the city at the same time as did the Greeks, drawn thither by the trade with the port of Myso Hormus on the Hed Sea. In February. 189G. C. Schmidt discovered a Hebrew inscription of the second century in the old Christian cemetery of Antinoe. The letters of the inscription were ori.sinally covered with red paint; what remainsof the inscri]):

tioD is

C"nn -inva In addition to the inscription there are a candelabrum with seven branches. an(lacvpress-tree(see "^gvptische Zeitschrift." ..xiv. Itj4). G.

ANTINOMIANISM



A

term generally

tised

to denote the opposition of certain Christian sects to tlie Law; that is, to the revelation of the Old Testa ment. The apostles were compelled, in response to the urging of Paul and his friends, to accept the

doctrine of the non-binding character of the Law for h<>athen Christians (Acts, xv, 8). but Paul set up in addition a theory coneerinng the Law which not alone posits its complete abrogation in the luriod after Jesus, but also diametrically opposes the fundamental principles of Jewish (and Judieo-Christian) thought concerning it. The latter taught that the Law was the onlv means by which unui could be justified before God, as may be seen by the early utterance: "God desireil to justify Israel, and therefore

He ,i:ave him many laws and conunandments" (.Mak. Misimah): Paul d'eclared that "by thedeeils of the law there shall no tlesh be justified in his si.irht (liom.

iii.

21).

Gal. Paul,

IG). The Law. accordirig to was calculated to multiply sin

ii.

The Law through the added o]>porlunities for a Source of transgression which were alTorded by Sin. its numerous pn'cepts (Gal. iii. 19, Uom. V. 21)). By rea.son of the Ijiw, transgressions against it become positive disobedienci- to the divine will, and are fell as such: thus leading to the recognition of the true nature of sin iii. 20. iv. 1.1.' vii. T), Being transgressions of divine commiuidments. transgression heaps up guilt upon guilt for man, who thus becomes subject to the rejection and the wrath of God. and to the "curse of the law " (Hom. iii. 19). Conse(|uenlly thisexperieiice of the Law leads man to dis]iair of the possi-

(Bom.

bility of attainini: to riu-liteousness

and thus the

by

his

own

acts,

deslruclive pose; for with the appearance of Jesus, with whom the era of grace begins, it ceased, and nuist cease, because grace and Law are irreconcilable opposites. If it be asked how came it that Paul, the former .lew. the strict Pharisee, arrived at a conception of the Law so offensive to the .Jewish standpoint, the reply nuist be made that he learned the art of destroying the Law by the Law. or. as the author of the Clementine writings has it, "ex lege iliscereiiuod nesciebat lex" (" Becognitiones." ii. .14), from his Pharisiiic masters. It was altogether a practical motive which seems to have inspired Paul to attack the universjil conception of justification through the Law. for he had been convinced, by his own strenuous endeavors, of the impossibility of complete obedience to it. Paul's con viit ion was prevalent in those days in many Pharis;iie(ircles(" Monatssihrift." l^nO, His itti'ran4). abrogation of the Law after Jesus had also .some precedent, forthercisnodoulit that theassertionsmadeby many rabbis concerning the abrogation of the sacrifices.* as also of the festivals. f opposed tliou,!rh they were to the dogmas of the later Pharisees who daily prayed for the restoration of theTemple. weresim)dy older conceptions of the Messianic agi' ilevelo|)ed by Paul, and tin re fore disavowed by the later rabbis. In his ar,<runient for his theory of ihe Law. Paul shows himself an apt pupil of Pharisee doctrine, a knowledge of which is essential to the complete understanding of Paulinism. Tims his statement in Gal. iii. 19, "it was ordained by angels." has long been underfull

that or thanksjrivlncr)" iPeslk. ix. "tVi, the oldest Midrash cnlleotion): the sjinifsi'iitenee is repeated in many other Mldrashiin, as was jxtinteii out I'V s. Ilufier. note a, 1. + "A11 fi-stivnls will in future he aholished " (Midr. MIshle. Tills sHine |)a.s.sjipe is repeated in Yer. Meg. i. .5. hut ix. 2),
 * " In tlie tiine nf the Mes.»iiah llie sacriQees will ceaj*e (i^xrept

there

it

Is

intentionally inodiHed.