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628 "



Antifronus Autl-Juif

Till-:

In (Yer. Ilor. iii. 4f<!iss.iirr lie thus illiistnilts the vei-selEx. xiii. il): "And the Lord wrnl Ixforc iIkmii by dny in u pillar of ii cloud, to lend tlicin liy tinway." etc.. by a simile: "A kin>; Imd held court till"(larkncss set in. his sons all the while attendini: him. On liavinjr tin' tribunal, the kini.' look up a ton-hand liirhted the way for his .sons; whennpon will take up the lor(-li the court ierssjiid to him. and (-airy the lijrht befivrc thy sons '; but the kiiit^ It is not because 1 have none to do it in re]died. mv slead. but I wish to manifest my affection for my sous, that ye may honor them accordiufrly.' Tims did the Holy One. blessed be lie. make known llis love for the people of Israel that the world miirht learn to treat them with honor. Hut.alasI not only does the woild not do so. but it decrei-s u|ion them one mode of death after the other, laeli one severer than the last.'' Mekilta in lioth instanc-es gives" Antoninus" as the author, and so does Valk.. Ex. 2'2S. 'ilJO. in whi(-h. throusih a transposition of words. Habbi is inti-oduced as telling something about Emperor Antoninus. " Yuha.sin " (ed. Fillpowski. i>. ILj) has the same version; but lleilpriu ("Scdi-r lia-Dorot." x.r.) has "Antigonos"; in Yer. Hor. I.e., H. Joshuali b. Levi reports in Antigonus' '

We

'

name. BiBi.iofiR.4PiiT



Weis-s, Meltllta,

'Erch MUHii, under

Rupuiiiirt.

I.e.:

Hiii-licr.

-ly.

Tun.

ANTIGONUS, Son 18")

i'..i..

died

son. and. though dier during his

ond

of

1(K!.

it. .V)l

.liifniiiiiK.i.

S.

about

628

.IKWISII KN( VCI.ol'KDI.V

M.

John Hyrcanus Born He was Hyicanus' sec:

young, proved an able

sol-

complied, and upon Ins entry to the royal castle, at the Ki-ast of Tabernaeles. al)oul 104. was slain by the guard. An avenging Nemesis si-emed. howevi-r. to exact atonement for his death, for when a sirvant spilt some blood from the v<'insof the kinif upon the very spot whei-e AnliiToniis had been slain, tlii' king saw the linger of (ioil in the coincidence, and grieved himself to death over his brother's imlortunate fate. See also Jci).s TIIK Essknk. BlRMOiiKAiMiY



.liiM'pluis.

.1 ii(.

xlll.

i; see also the histories of Euuld.

1(1.

88 3.

(iriitz,



und

Idem. n. J.

G.

L.

ANTIGONUS MATTATHIAS

I.

Sehiircr.

(with the lb-brew name n'nno) The last Hasmonean king of r. .Iu(li'.-i, died ;1T lie was the second son of Aristol)ulus II.. and logelherwith his father was (-arried Hotli espiisoner to Kome by Pomp( y in (>3 u.<

1-.

.

and

.fter .VrisreturiK-d to I'alistine. tobidus' unsuccessful attempt to oppose the lioman forces there, the senate considered the king so little to be feared that it decreed his liberty Antigonus. however, was not .so ready to surrender ancestral rights. AVliile his older brothir .lexauder was planning to secure them he remidni-d (piiet, but on .Vleanpet in the hands of till' Idumean Antipatir. he He tirst atset to work zealously to assert himst-lf. tempted to attain his ends with the help anil (-onseiit of the Koinans; in ])ursuance of this i)laii hi- visited JuliusCa'Siir. who was in Syria in 4T.aud complained

of the presumptuous usuri)ation of Antipater and lly

nanus. his

He own

fatherslil'etiiue.

ui-g(-d

In

eoujunctiou with his brother Aristobulus. he

supirior rights as the only re-

besieged and captured Sa-

Arist obu

maining son of

Hut

in

1

u.s.

spite of

maria abotit 109

the fact that

iSotah. ;Wi'; Jo-

both

.seplius. xiii.

"

10.

beating off success f u 1 y t li e 1

the Copper Coins of King Antigonus. (mut M.jdm, "coin. of th« j.*!.")

Syrian Antiochus of Cy/.icus and the Egyptian Callimander, general of Ptolemy Lathy riis. both of whom attempted to relieve the city. Vh(-ii Aristobulus bci-nme kingabout HI."), (hough he

impri.soued his otlu-r brothers, he not only left Antigliberty, in appreciation of his merits, but even treated him asa sort of a.ssociatc in the govern-

onus at

ment. This favor shown by Aristobulus awakened the jealousy of a court cabal, at the head of whif-h Queen Alexandra (Salome)is siiid to have stood, and -which succeeded tinally in having Antigonus slain at the king's command. "The details of his death as given probalily legendary, but histori(-ally certain is the fat-t that he owed his <Ieatli to a (-ourt intrigue. .losephus' account nuis that Aristobidus. who loved his brother warmly, was made suspicious of him by calumnious representations on the jiart of the (pieen and other enemies, who maintained that lie was aiming at the ci-own. The king issued (-ommands to his body-guard to cut Antigonus down should he ever ap|iear before him in armor, and at the same time sent wor<l to his brother to come to him immediately, but without armor. Antigonus' enemies prevailed on the me-ssenger to inform him that the king hail heard of his new armor and weapons. and desired to see him with them. Antigonus readily l)y .Iose])hus are

his

fiither

anil bnither had sulTen-il death in

Ant. S 2).

(-a

use of

C*sar. the latter

rejected .Vntigonus' clai ms, possibly suspecting the sincerity of his pi-ofes.sed friendliness toward Home. Hefused by the Homans, he turned to theiroppon(-iits. llistirst Defies attempt, in 4'i. to seize the government of Palestine by fon-e with the assistance Rome. of his brother-in-law, Ptolemy Mennei (sec .LEXAXDii. [S.m.ome] ).was defeated by Henxl. but in the course of two years he succeeded in atThi' state of affairs in .ludea, as taining his object. well as general conditions ]>revailing Ihrotighout Tlic exthe Uoman empire, was most ]iropitious. cessive taxation wrung from the peoi)le to jiay for the extravagances of Antony and Cleop.-itra had awakened sodeei>-seateda hatred against Home that Antigonus had only to show himself to the people to win their allegi'uice away fi"om Herod aii<l other He gained the adcreatures of the Honian power. herence also of the aristocratic class in .lerusidein. su(-h as the " Bene liaba." and prob.dily also assured himself of the lieaily cooperation (if the h-ailers of the .Moreover, the Parthians invaded Syria Pharisees. in the year 40. and they much preferred to see an anti-Roman ruler on the throne of Palestine. Antigonus. who was genius enough to make use of such an excellent opportunity, promised them large