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In spite of his success as a teacher iu Italy, was Sflzed by a secret longing for home; and seeing that the seed which he hail carefully sown was bearing fruit, he considered himself entitled to He em return (juietiy to the land of his fatliirs. barked at Bari, to the great sorrow of liis pupils and friends, among the latter being therderof the town, who tried to detain liim by force. Nothing further The cabalists considered him as is known of him. one of the chief pillars of their mysticism, ascribing to him the cabalistic works. "Nikkud" and " I'ardes"; but see Botarel's coinnieutary on Sefer Vezirah. 1. 1. Ti: ii. 4, and Moses C'ordovero in his " Pardes liimo nim." That he is considered to be identical with "Aaron the Babylonian " appears from tlie fa<l that Botarid (I.e. iv. '2) describes the latter as niaUiiig use of the inelTable name of God in working the most wonderful miracles in exactly the same way as Aaron ben .Simml is said, in the "Chronicle of Ahimaiiz." to liave done. Graet/.'s identification of this Aaron with the Aaron who was a candidate for the gaonate in S14 according to Isjiac Halevi even is impossible upon chronological .grounds. earlier Aaron's activity in Italy is ])laced bj- the "Chronicle" half a century later than this dale; in STU he trj-.

Auri)ii

—

—

was

Italy.

still in

BiBLiO(iK.vpnv: Uapopnrt. in BikUurr ha-'ItUm. 1829. x. 112: Zunz. .s'. /'. |>. lu'i: Ni-uluiuiT. liiv. Kl..luivi.i. xxill. £il)--£il Miiliiniil ./lie. rhrnii. II. 112-115. 1111; Kaiifiimnn. in Mimiitssihriil. l.s<»l. .xl. 4112-471, .'iill: ,;»». Vi/</r(. Ui r. iv.til.i; tinllz, fif!*rh. (t. .hi'li II. v. 421. 422; Miduu'l. Or hn-lhiiif/im. Nn.2iiT : Isiiai* Halevi. Ihtnit /iM-ZfiV/ioijiiii, pp. 235-2:iS: StelnlOi-iii.

Jew. Quart. Hiv.

Mliiielder. In

Ix. itSl.

L. G.

AARON IBN SARGADO



Gaon

iu

Pumbedita

According to the a sun nl .Ihm pli Iki Knlicii. chronicle of Slierira. ISaigado olticialed from i)43 to JKiO; others ileclare he ilied in iM'J. llr was successor to the gaon H.N.xi.ii. Ilie father of Slierira. Not of a family of .scliolars. but an extremely wealthy meichaiit. he was elevale<l to the gaonate (presi dency of a rabbinical aca<leniy) through the intluCali-b ilin Sargado. the deterenci' of his family. mined opponc'iit of Saadia. wlio spent (io.dilll /iizirn (Sil.lKlOi in order to bring about tlie diposition of the gaon of Sura, was probably identical with Aaron, as Ilarkavy has shown (see"Seder 'Olam Zutia " in "Anecdota O.xonieiisia." ii. H'd). Four of Saigado's legal decisions on religious ])rol)leins are preserved, and are printed in the collection, " Ilemdah Genuza," Nos. '.i'—ii). One of these, it appears, was the answer to an in(piiry from Kairoiian. Like bis opponent Saadia. Aaron wasa Bible commentator, and parts of his commentary are extant iu St. Petersiiurg. Abraham ibu Ezra quotes some of his philosophical sayings.

and

Bllu.lo<;iiAPiiv: .Im'l inUi'r. Mnftrnli. isni, p. 177; Neiiliauer, .Mfiliiinil ./>"'. ihrnii. 1. lai. 112. IIHI; Zunz, III liflifiT's Jll<(. Z.if. Iv. ;i«): WInttT Bill! Wiinsiln'. JHdi«/i( Lilnnliir, II. 247 : GelKer. Jll</. Zell. 1. 397.

A.

AARON SELIG BEN MOSES OF

KIEV tiiiy.



Aullior, llouii-hicl

in lh<-

He wrote "'Amude Sheba' tile

K"

ZOL-

Mvcntcriilli ciii "

(Seven Pillars)

Commentaries and glossi-son the old new Zohar. explaining the foreign words

containing;

and

(1)

therein; (2) treatises not iiicliidiil in the old Zohar; (Hi referenei's wlieic'comnieiitarirson Ihetrealises ivf the old and the new Zolmr can be found (4) similar indications of the book "Tikkuiiim"; (,")) remarks on till- style of the Zohar. The work was published

at

Aaron ben Phinehas Aaron Worms

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

21

Cracow

in

ItiiiT.

Hllii.liiiinArnv: Ife'iijiuuli, Ojnr /ni-.^Jr^iriiii. p. 44:t; mill. Juil. I. ai; SU'lnwIineliliT, Ciif. IIihII. No. 4;i71. .1.

FQrsI,

L S

AARON SOLOMON



Merchant of Philadel-

who. aliout 1777, signed an agreement to take the colonial pa]Hr currency siinctioned bj' King George III. in place of gold and silver. He

phia,

Pa.,

Philadelphia for Europe in

left

l'>i').

BiHLiDiiRAPHv: H.

I>. Riisenbaih, The Jexm in Philadelphia Priiir to laoo. p. 12, Philadelphia, 1SS3. S. -R.

W

A

AARON BEN SOLOMON AMARILLO. Ser SoMimon. AUii.I.o. AARON BEN SOLOMON BEN HASUN . i;ii.

.i

Taliiiuilisi

i;i:n

wild llourishrd

in 'I'lnkiy al

tin- lieirin-

ning of the si.xtienth century. He ranked high among the prominent Oriental Talniudie scholars of his time. Except some responsji, which may be found in the works of his pupils and colleagues, he left nothing in writing. Among his pupils were many imiiortant Talmudists of the East. Biiii.ioiiRAiMiv Michael, Or ha-Hn iim, No. 313.

L.

G

AARON BEN SOLOMON BEN SIMON BEN ZEMAH DURAN. See Aaros m.N SOInMoN N MMiiN AARON OF TRANI. Sntuwi. Aahoxok. AARON (HAYYIM) VOLTERRA, MASSA l)i li.vx,

m.;N-

1.1

DI CARRARA. VIM

I

M

>-A HI

(

Zi-;.M.Mt.

See Voi.tkkka, A.vkox

(II.vv-

AlUtAl! A.

AARON BEN WOLF. See Woi.fssoii.n. Aai;..n AARON WORMS Chief rabbi of Metz and Tal:

miidisi; si.iM.r .hialiani Abi-rle; born .Tidy 7. 17.54, at Geislaiilcin. a small village near Saarbri'ick (not at Kaiseislautern, as some writers as-

died at .Metz, .May 2, ly:i6. He a family of niiibis, and was destined for a rabbinical career. He received his early education from his father. Abraham Aberle. and afterward was sent to Jletz. the nearest city having a rabbinical college. This institution was directed by Chief Rabbi Loeb GUnzliurg. with whom -Varoii gained such high favor that at the early age of lifteen he was allowed to deliver a lecture on a halakic subject in the synagogue of Metz. Through Giinzburg's instrumentality he was appointed in 1777 to the rabbinate of Kriechingen in

Rabbinical Career.

.serf);

came of

German Lonaine. Having lived in that town for seven years, he returned to Metz. where, after the death of Loeb Gi'iiizburg (.luiie 03, 17.'<.-)), .aion was chosen principal of the rabliinical college. Formally years he oMiiiated as a.ssociate rablii and deputy chief rabbi, and on .luiie I'i. IX'.i'i. was uiianiniously elected chief rabbi.

The governmenl

conlirnied his

although he had not mastered the French language, as required by the law regulating the Four years later he died, apiiointmeni of mbbis. revered and beloved by both the orthodox and the election,

progressive .lews,

.aron

was

so conservative in his

views that even in his |)ractical life he did not ai quire a thorough knowledge of the language of his eoiinlrv, and still regarded the Zohar as a sacred book and as the composition of Simeon ben Yohai. Nevertheless, he gave exi>ression to opinions that iu some measure prepared the way for .Jewish reforms. So greatly was he inllueiiced by the French Hcvolution that he even dressid himself in the uniform of the National (Juard and. to accord Attitude with military regulation, removed his Toward the braid. .Varoii fully realized that the .lews, iu receiving rights, had also French Revolution, duties to fiillil; and in a seniion preached diirini: llie Itevolulionary period, he strongly rebuked the .lews for their aversion to handicrafts, and. as an example for them. n|>