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557 a sevfTo punislinifnt.wlirn tlic calamity was avertpd by f'anliiial Ak-xaiidcr Fariiesc, who succeeded in disc-overiii'T the real cuiitril

(April,

and

ai)|)eased the

pope

l.j.j.5).



teris. pp.

M

M

.m rt xiq. Pop1)0 et wq.. New GiM-h. il.Jmlin in Hum. in Itum. II. I. 1119 ct «9 : (iratz. J"J'JJI: of Ihc ihinl erntnry cnnteiiiiiorary of K. Ammi. He nirely (liseiissed ilalakol, and his diseu.ssions of them were not original (Shati. (14//). Once he recited a Hahikah in the patriarch's mansion, without naniins i'j;j;.

3.

X. 28).

=

48) II.

A

Hanan

Levite

who taught

the

Law (I

Esd.

ix.

(Xeli. viii. 7).

Mentioned in I Esd. ix. 43 ='ANAi. (Xeh. 2. Father of Azarias, whose son Gabriel declared himself when he appeared to Tobit (Tobit, viii.

Joseph ha-Kolien. 'Emek hn-llnlui, cd. LetV^i-t HI If.', Abraham (irazlano.'extnici from luu'^ri't Niimiin. ed. Kaufiiiann. In /;<i'. Kl. Juivii, Iv. et «€</.: Gwlallah Ibn Viihva, Sliiiiiln hi ha-Kiililialah. ed. Warsaw.

Biblioi;rapiiy

York,

Anan ben David Ananias, Son of Nebedeua

THE JEWISH EXCYCLOPEDIA

657

1.

4).

An

ancestor of .Judith (.ludith. viii. 1). . anias mentioned in Acts v. as having defrauded ihe apostles and as having been punished by sudden dealh. as was also the case with his wife, .Sapphira. It is uncertain with what initial his name was pronounced. G. B. L. V. !,'».

III.

3.

The

ANANIAS OF ADIABENE A Jewish

mer-

chanl, prolialply of llrlleiiic origin, who. in the opening years of the common era. was prominent at the

.

author, which jirovoked H. Animi to ask: "Is it ownr It is what R. Eleazar had reported in the name of R. Oshaiah " (-M. K. 24A). In the Hair.gadah he sonielimes reported Die sayings of others, but more often he was oriijinal. Thus, asa reason for the jn.xtaposition of the rcfrulalions re.Lrardinir the sacrificial riles and the priestly vestnients(Ex. x.wiii.x.xix.l. he points out that Ihc priestly vestments were to liave atoning cft'ecis as well as the .sacrifices. He represents the miler as atoning for haughtiness, and cites R. Hanina as saying. "That which rests higliesi on the priest atones for one's considering himself high"; and similarly with the rest of the priestly garments (Zeh. HH/>: "Ar. U)ii: comi>are Yer. Yonia. vii. 44/': Lev. R, x.). Ri-ferring to God's appearance in the thorn-bush (Ex. iii. 2—1) lie remarks, "The Holy One blessed be He! said to .Moses, 'Whin I will it, one of my angels siretcheth forth his hand from heaven and rcachetli to the ground.' as the Scripture says [E/.ek. viii. :!], He put forth the form of a hand, and took me by a lock of mine head': and when it so iileaseth me. I make three angels sit under one tree |(!en. xviii. 4]; when I choose, my glory tills the universe, as it is wrillen its

his

—

—

'

j.Icr. xxiii.

24],

'

the Lord'; 'and whirlwind, as it

Do I noi lill heaven and earth'/ sailh when I so willed. spoke to.Ioh in a 1

is

sjud [.lob. xxxviii.

1.

xl.

(i).

"'i"he

Lord answered .lob out of the w hirl wind " " (Ex. R. iii., where the interpretation is somewhat forced). The same idea, though in ditferent form, is found elsewhere ({Jen. R. iv., Pesik. R. i. 47) in the name of R. Hanina I). Issi (Sissi); andasthe name of thc> subji'cl of ihis article is sometimes wrillen Inani and •also Invani (compare " Dikdnkc Sofirim" lo Shah. 114/-. M. K. HI.. Zel). 8H/,)— whieii forms are dialectic variations of Hanina, though with the initial Ahpli inslead of Ayin the circumstance probably siig'

•

—

gesled

the ideiitily of

the

two names (com|)are

liachiT. "Ag. Pal. Amor." iii. ."i47. I-."!). Rut this idenlilicalion meels wilh insuperable clironological

Hanina

b. Sissi being a conlemponiry of Sanh. ii, 20c), whili- -Anani "was younger even than .lohanan's pupils. IsiuK- Reichlin (" Ha Kirim," 1HM7, ]t. 2Wt) aptly sugsrcsls that 'Anain'srcal nami' was '.Vnaniel, as it is still preserved in Ex. I{. iii. 7. and that its apocopaled form was adopli'd to avoid the mention of Ihc " El ii:iiie ilioili in common speech. S. M.

dilliculties,

.bihanan

(Yer.

"

ANANIAS This name stamis in the Septmigint and .New 'I'eslamenl as the ci|uivalenl for dilTerenl Hebrew names, one (I.) with initial n and the other (II. with initial j; I. 1. Son of Emmer who put n.si(Io his foreifrn wifeil Esd. ix. •.M)=Han»ni(Ezra, X. 'JO). 2. In the same list asabove(I Esd. ix. -JK) = Hananiali Ezra,

I

(

court of Abennerig (Sj'IJ ]2), king of Charax Spasini (Charakene, Jlesene). He was a zealous propagandist of Judaism among the pagans, and was instrumental in the convei-sion of numerous native and foreign inhabitants of Charax. which, situated at the continence of the two arms of the Tigris, was at the time a great mercantiU' center. Among his most prominent con verls were several women of high position at Ihe court, particularly the princess Symacho, the king's daughler. This princess had been married to Izales. a young prince who had been sent to Abennerig's court by his imrents, Monobnz and Helena, the rulers of .Vdiahe.nk. Through his wife, Izates' attention was directed to Ananias, with whom he formed an ac(|uaiiitance that eventually ripened into a strong altaehment. Ere long (about the vear IH), Ananias had won the prince over to the Jewish faith. .Moreover, Izates was named as succes.sor to the throne by Monobaz, who, in so doing, passed over his elder sons. Upon his acees.sion (about 22), Izates, in order to show his genuine at lachmcnt to the new religion, declared his delermination to undergo the riteof eireumeision. Helena opposed this, fearing that the adoption of foreign ceremonies might arouse against llie young king llie indignation of his pagan subjects. Ananias, w ho had come to Adiabene with Izates, sujjported Hi lena's contention, arguing that such a step on Ihe pari of Ihe king would enijanger Ihe life of his .lewish instructor, and. further, that circumcision was not vital to Ihe fullilment of the Jewish religion and Ihe worship of God. Izates seemed convinced by the latter argument, until there came lo his conn" another Jew. Eleazar, who, in conlmdistinclion lo. anias' Helienic leniency, was a rigorous legalist from Gah'lee. He persuaded Izales lo undergo tlie rile (Gen. R. xlvi. 8). . anias and Helena were strongly a.irilated when Izales disclosed his action, but the troul)le llicy prediclcd did not immediately ensue. Whether .Vnaniaa made further converts in Izales' country is not .staled (see .VniAiiK.Ni;; Hki.kna; Izatks; Monohaz II.). Jnsi-phiis, AnI. xx. 2 (( fcij.: Brull, JalirI, .">8 if niij.; Delllzsch, Dim ATih (yK/imo roil Ailiiilimr, In Ihulxihi Itiviir. 18S.">, pp. 187 ft id/.; Idem, In s'ii/i( inif llnjl iiiniii. Issr. pp. ITS ,( nei/.: (iriiiz. (liscli. il. Jiiilin. 4ih ed.. III. 4(M . ( «i ./.: llamliiinfer. U. U. T. II. iW et

niHi.iiuunriiv li}lilii i: su.



niiM SilillnT, llmrli. 'M

iil.. 111.

llu.f

,«,.;.

H G. ANANIAS, SON OF NEBEDEUS

E.

High

appoinlid by Hiroil of t'halcis. He olticiated from alioni 47 lo and was deprived of his olHcc bv .grippa II. (Josephus. ". t." xx. .l, !; 2. 0, ^ 2). When Ihe governor of Syria, r.MMiims (^lAnnATi's, was iuvisliiraling Ihe mailer of Ihe lumulls occasioncii by llic struggle between Ihe Judeans and Ihe Samaritans (.VI-.">2). he sent (.>2t . anias, his son .Vnan. and other prominent persons lo Rome to answer lo Emperor Claudius for parlicipaliiig in the troubles, or for having inslivMled Iheiii Through lliiintlueiice of ..ouii'i'A II. Ananias was acquilled and priest,

."ill.