Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/602

550 :

Amulo Anakim

THE

pnictinilly extinct except in the Orient. hiui 'Anik "(h)es mil fditiid amulets (see

Modem

In

Times.

EXCYCLOPEniA

.I?:WISII

•,'4-27





Hay-



the "people of the Script lire." cminitliii |)nrchinents for such pirpo.ses, not hits of wood, bone, stone, or other natural

ployed mainly

650

AlilUSEMENTS.

The "Shul-

"Omh

vim, s •m. 1 T S S *t4'. 14 "Yoiili Dcali." g ITit, l'.'). It is importuiit Id note the fad that the Jews, ••





ANAB

("Grape"): A city in the hills of southern Jiuiea. lying in the domain of Judali (Josh. xv. ."iO), from which Joshua exterminated the Anakim (Josh. xi. 21). It is still called . ab (Uuhl. "<ieographic des Allen Palestina." 1). 1U4). (. B I,.

ANACLETUS

objects.

Moilcrn .ludaism of course approves the sentilueutsofMaimonides, who pronounced against them



See Gamks. Pastimks.

(PIETRO PIERLEONI)

II. Anti|io|ie to li i:!N. cent II. frnni li;!0 i< I!y reason of his Jewish dcsccnl. which |)rnm|iicd Voito call him ironically "Ihc Jewish Pope," Anataire 1

detiis had to face a great deal of opposition

and

calumny.

An

ancestor of Anacletus, whose

name was proba-

bly Baruch. had grown rich in the middle of theelevcentury by lending money to both sides in the struggle between the pojiis and the Homan nobilily. ciilb

Ambition prompted him to cmbiace Cliristiaiiity, on which occasion he assumed the name of BknkDicT. He married a lady belonging to an aristocratic family of Home, and his son. Li:o dk Bknkdkto CnuisTiAXo. subse(iueiitly took rank among the champions of the papal court in its conflict with the Iao's son, Pktius Lkonis, whose name became the family eponym, resolved to devote imperial parly.

own son, who also bore his name, to the priesthood, and he lived to seelhisson wearllie cardintd'.s hat. Pierleoiii did not become pontiff, however, until after the death of his ambitious father. Oni'of the group who left Home with the popcGelasius n. when the latter tied to France, Leo subseciuenlly was a |)rominent factor in the election of Calixtus II. The latter manifested Iiis gratitude to Pierleoni. as well as recognition of his talent, by appointing him. toward the end of he year H2:i, hea^' 1*" T, " For unto us a child is lK)m." et<'.. are scattereii pronilsruously. Intersperseii with tho letters of Nehunyah lien Ini-Kaiia's prayer in^D n:N). The word 0*":-^J3 in the interior spare' was elaiaied to lie equivalent by permutation t«,Shabbethai's name I'PJr) wgetherwith In

«he

five

initials •:":; that

he denies them

is,

"KiUK Messiah."

n'lr-a n''C,

all

potency or virtue whatever

>Iorch."iii. iiT), and speaks of the "craziness of the amulet writers, who hope to accomplish miracles by

i("

permutations of the Divine

Name"

{ili. i.

61, end).

On the Eibenschutz controversy, sec the oolpamphlets n"X nS2', Lemberg, 1^7"; Eibensehiitz's defense, ^i""? rni"', Altona, IT.'w Gratz, Gcsch. d. Judcn, note 7.

Biiii.iocRAPiiv



let'ted

own vii.



L. B.

AMTJLO

(AMOLON),

Bishop of Lynns

(.S41) (luriiitc

From

THEOBBOLDUS the

rci,i;ii

ott'liarlcs the

master and predecessor, Agohard, he learned to hate the .lews, and with the as.sistanco of the Bishop of Hheims and .Vrchbishop of Sens. who nourished the same scntimeuts. he tried, at th<' Council of Meaux (^i49), to revive the old canonical laws and anti-.Icwish restrictions. But Charles voulil not yield to the prelate's injunctions, and dissolved the meetins'. Aniulo, however luiremitlinj; in his efforts ajiainst the .lews, like his master wrote Bald; died Kyi.

his

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a virulent letter to the spiritual authorities, in which he expotindcd his grievances against the .Jews, forgetting no fact to their discredit, not even the conversion of the court-chaplain Bodo to .Judaism. Although the letter did not immediately produce the •effect expected by its author, it attracted the attention of the clergy, who were at that epoch gencrall.v favorable to the .lews, and the calm eujojed by Jews in France gradimlly came to an end.

Bibliography: Galland, Yetcrum I'ntrum BihJiotheea.vo]. Mlgnc, Patrolattia iMtina, exvl. 143 et Ijitteraire de la France, vlli. 650. xUi.;

acq.; I.

HMoire Bk.

I

tion

elected

Innocentll. received but

Iniincent II. little supjiort

Pierleoni

when

ele-

His Opponent.

valed to the poiititicate, while Innocent II. was upheld not only by the councils of Hheims and Pisa, and 1)3' the greater portion of the Roman Catholic clergy who, it would seem, could not forgive Anacletus his reputed Jewish physiognomy but also bv the entire European royalty, with the exception of I^oger of .Sicily, who was .Viiaclelus' brother in law, and by the duke of Aqiiitaiiia. It redotmds to the honor,

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and magnanimity of the jiopulation of that Anacletus was able to maintain to the authority in the capital, notwithstanding the repeated attacks of the emperor Lothaire II., who liberality,

Home

last his

supported Innocent

II.

Till' o])position to Anacletus expressed itself in the inveiilioii and di.ssemiuationof the most .slanderous reports concerning him. Bernard of Clairvaux. who was the most zealous sujiporter of Innocent in France, (piite naturally iiouicd forth his indignation in avehemenl epistle to Lothaire, to the effect that "to the shame of Christ a man of .lewish origin was come to occujiy the chair of St. Peter." But aside from styling him " Juda-o-pontifex," the antagonists of Anacletus circulated the most ignoAccused '"liiiious rumors about him, charging with the systematic robbery of of Slalfea "" ' ('"11'"^ and churches in the dispo.sal sance of which spoils the .lews were designated as his accessories and not flinching even from accusing him of being guilty of incest. In brief,

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