Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/485

437 AIjMTJG.

Sic Ai.diM.

ALNAHARWANAI Hebrew

sclicilur

Neliardea.

111'

periixl;

fraoiiic

llif

author of

Ih^ is Ilic

JOSE: A

("NJNnnjijN),

pnibalily

of

ariiiieil alplialx'tkal

Hebrew on the Jewish calendar, printed "Kerein Hemed," part ix. This poem is interesting for the light it throws on the history of the Jewisli calendar as well as on the history of neoHctreiitisc in

in

brew

Alms

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

487

poetrj'.

BlBLiOGRAPMY: fildie,

tj

a,

Stelnsctinclder, In Erseh and c;nit)er, Kncuclo; llarkavy, Zilihuron ki-ItMonim, v. 115-

xxxl. 104

18.

M. K.

ALNAKIF, ISAAC BEN JOSEPH:

Liturgical poet of the thirteenth century (in Spain?), who composed a sulut (liturgical poem between the Sherna' and 'Amidah) for the Passover service (sec Zun/. • Liter-aturgesch." p ")04; "Jew. Quart. Rev."

W. M.

xi. :!loi

ALNAQUA Jews, the

lirst

An important family of Spanish mention of whom occurs late in the

twelfth century.

Hebrew

In

the

name

is

written

It is the same as nitpjX or NTiNpjX, nipj or nipN^i'N. though Sieinschncider seems lo be of a dill'ercnt opinion. In modern works the name appears as Alnaqua, Alnecpia (Zeduer), Ahineaw (Kayserling), and Ankoa. Originally from the Iberian peninsula, inendHTSof the family sprejid to northern Atricaand Turki'V, where by marriage they became related; to the Duransand lienvonistes. The lirst two of whom mention is made are .Judah and Sanuiel. who fell victims to court slanders in Toledo about tlu' year I'iOi). The three brothers, Abraham, Joseph, and Solomon, who lived in the fourteenth century, came each to an untimely end: the first was assassinated (1341); the other two were cut off liy the plague a few years later. In the lifteenth century the .lnaquas settled in northern Africa, wdicre they became the leaders of the communities. From Znnz's notes the following genealogical tree may be traced:

which place he died in 1443. According to a legend, Alnaqua escaped from the Spanish Inquisition, which had martyred his father and mother at the stake, and came to Africa mounted on a lion, using a serpent as a halter. Azulai refers to him as a miracle-worker.

succeeded, after all other curing the only daughter of a king of the family Beni Zion. Refusing the reward of gold and silver oirered him by the king, he begged only that the Jews living near Tlem<;en might be luuted in it. In this way the eonuuunily was formed. Aluaqua's first care was to establish a large synagogue: this is still in existence, and bears his name. Above the rabbi's chair, on which the verse Jer. xvii. 12 is engraved, a lamp burns perpetually. Alnaqua's grave, surrounded by those of his family, is in the old cemetery: it is saeied to North African Jews, and is frequently visitctl by pilgrims from all Algeria.

Samuel

Solomon

Joseph

Aliratiani, d. 1341 I

i:£V>

Samuel,

failed, in

,

AInaquahadtwosons, Israel and Judah. The latter lived at Oran, Mostaganem, and, later, at Tlem<;en, and became the father-in-law of Zemah Duran. AllUKiua wrote for his elder son Israel "Sha'ar Kebod Adonai " (Entrance to the Glory of God), containing answers lo the criticisms of Nahmanides on the •' -Moreh " of Maimonides. Manuscripts of this work exist in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. He wrote, also,

some

religious

hymns.

Bibliography Azulal, Ahrm ha-Gedolim. s.v.: Benjacob, Ozar ha-Scfarim, p. Neubaiier, Cat. Uodl. Hebr. MSS. Nos. a», 2 law, 3 lirrue Afrkaine. 1870, pp. 377-383 Zunz,

.">9!l ;







Z. G. p. 435; Idem, Lilcraturgegch. p. 524. s.

Israel ben Joseph Alnaqua: Ethical writer and martyr; lived in Toledo, Spain; died at the slake, together with Judah ben Asher. in the summer of the year l;i91. He is the author of an eth-

work

in twenty chapters, entitled "Menonit ha(CaniUestick). The work commences with a long poem, an acrostic on the author's name. Then follows a preface in rimed prose. The introduction to each chapter is headed by a poem, giving the acrostic of his name, Israel. It was printed in l.iTS. manuscript of it is in the Bodleian. An abridgment of it was published at Cracow, l."(9:l, under the title "Menorat Zahah Kullah" (Candlestick Wholly of Gold). It is divided into fiv(^ s<^ctions, which contain observatitms (1) on laws in general; (2) on education; (3) on commerce; (4) on the behavior of litigants and judges in court; (.">) on conduct toward one's fellow men. This is supplemented by a treaical

-Maor

"

A

Judah

Eptirolm, d.

Alnaijua

had

])hy.sicians

i

?

Aloes

d. I:i44

or

Israel,

i:!4o

il.

n2' in'7S nDL". consisting of Talmudic and midrashic sjiyingsaud maxims, which has been published in German (Hebrew characters) in Wagenscil's Be-

1.101

tise,

I

Ephralm.

d. 1442

Ichrung der Jlld.-Deutschen Red- und Schreibart," Kiinigsberg, 1C99. Israel

Judata

Epiinilm about Uils

[Daughter]

m. ^'ma|) Duran

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Alnacpias are to be found in Turkey, prominent as scholars and pbilanlliropisls. In the nini'teeiilh century .Vlmdiam bm .Mnrdeeai Ankawa was a Ilalakist of .some renown in ..Morocco (Steiuschneider, " Hebr. liibl."

i.

118),

Bini.ioGRAPiiv: Ziinz, Z. fl. p. iXi; Benjacob, Ofar haSefarim. p. 337. No. Ulitl: Sleinsilinelder, Cat. Bodl. No. 5447; S. Scbccliter, ilmiatKiiclirift, xxxlv. 114, 234.

M. B.

Yom-Tob Alnaqua:

Talmudist and aulhor; lived al Saloniea in llic eightcenlh cenlury; aulhor of 31D DV nn'^C containing, (1) Responsa on the fourTurim; (2) novella' on various Talmudic treatises; (3)observalionson the lauguageof Maimonides and of the Tiirim and (4) liomilies (Saloniea, 1788).

Uint.iodinriiv: Zunz, Z. ^7. pp. 4.'l.'>-4;iil Solomon Ihn Vcnra, Shetn'( /Mi<f/i/), (Hi. WteniT. p. -*7 KaysiTlInu, ,NVj(/i(nvf jrri, steln.s<linilil<T, Jfw. Quart. U,i: x. l:c.', xl. :ili). p. lU

BlBLlOGKAPiiv



Benjacob. Ofar haSefarim.,

p. 5«5.



J.



ALNUCA'WI, EPHRAIM.

M. n.-(i.

Ephraim ben Israel Alnaqua (Alnucawi, Ankava, Ankoa; called Kab in Africa): Physician, ralibi,

and

theoloijical wriler;

Jewish community

at

Tlemc;en,

founder of the

North

.Vfrica,

in

Ei'Mi:

See

S.

R.

Ai.n.<}1'.,

MM

ALOES limes in y, Prov.



tli<-

vii

Translation of D'")nK. occurring four Testament (Num. xxiv. (1. Ps. xlv. 17. Canl. iv. 14). and of iP.iif/ in the New

(

Mil