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432 Almeyda Almond

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

ALMEYDA, JOSE HENRIftXTES DE:

Awri-

AIiMODAD

tiT in Ainstiriiam in llic rally purl of tlicciirlitcrntli He publisluil in l*i)rtufriu'si': " Aiiafrnmiii centurv. tic Tcini. coin 1 Jrevc Achrosl iia do Safrniilo

modad)

Intmilo." AmstiTdam. 1700. This was dcdicntcil to D. Ahraliam Israel Siiasso in Amsterdam, and consists of odes upon many words made by comhiniufrthe letlersof minCromh)- It is very rare indeed, lie also )>ul)lished in the same lanir'iajre

432

(Septuafrint and Vulgate, reml Eleldest son of .loktan (Oen. x. 21). I The meaniusr of the name is uncer-

article,

Nome

Discurso

hum

jior

"Pancgyrico Encomastico ao e.xcell. Seulior 1). .loao Gomez (la Silva. Emhaxadorextr. deKeydi' Portugal.

Cliron. tain.

i,

u |>liulO(raf>h

porPrimeiio Plenipotenciariode paz a estasprovin-

Portuguese works. Jrulaica, p.

Kayserling,

Blhlioteca

Enjxillola-Portiiy.

10. .1.

first

element. "Al."

may

be the Arabic

and the second perhaps a corruption of "Maudail " (see .ToKT.x).

ALMOHADES: A

Moorish dynasty in norlliSpain durinir the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Willi the rise of the Almohades Alniuwahliidinl ilvnastv, a radical cliaiifie

westeru Africa and

in

(

K,

JEBUSALK.M.

by the AmeriCAn Colony, Jeruulem.)

cias de Holandc," Utrecht, 1712; a volume of verse dedicated to Don J. G. de Silva. who had been .sent as special peace plenipotentiary from the king of Portugal to the united provinces of Holland. The work is also extremely rare, not being found even in the Montezinos collection, so rich iu Spanish and

Bmi.iOGRAPHT:

'ii)].

The

Al.MKMAR OF ASIIKENAZIC SVNAGOGl (From

'llie



Vu.

ALMILIBY, ADAM: A

Portuguese Jew who. together with ls;uic Belamy, was appointed a farmer of the royal taxes in 1358 by King Alfonso IV. By virtue of this office both were exempted from wearing the Jew-badge, and were endowed with jjower to enforce the collection of the royal customs. During their term of office the Jews of Portugal were relieved of all imposts except the poll-tax. BlBLiOGRAPiiT Mendes dos Remedlos, Os Judeus em Portu:

gal, p. 3«7.

M. K.

was suddenly apparent in the territories which it succeeded in bringing under its scepter. Religious laxity had penetrated the western parts of the Moslem world to such an extent that the most important tenets of the faith were utterly neglected. Being consummate theologians and imbued with the sjiiritof uncompromising orthodoxy as taught by AlOhazzali. the Almohade rulers initiated a reaction of the most thoroughgoing kind. The new state of things was felt by the Jews as soon as 'Abd al-Mu'min. the second Almohade prince, took Morocco in 1149, and not long afterward those of Mohammedan Spain were also made to feel the difference. It was only one of the consequences of the renewed rigidity of the law that non-Moslems Forced should not be tolerated in the AlmoConversion liade stales. The Jews and Christians to Islam, had to choose between conversion to Islam and emigration. Synagogues and churches were either destroyed or changed into mosques. Many people left their homes, others agreed to pronounce the formula of the Moslem