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412 ;

Allegory in the Old Testament Alliance Isra61ite Uuiverselle

THE JEWISH E^X'YCLOPEDIA

answer a comparison of liimself to the that woos llic daujrliti'r of Lctianon, and is trodden do« liy the wild bca-st. The siniili tiulu lictwcin Aina/.iali and the thistle lies in the fact that each is wi'ak and is punished for presumption; receives for

weak

lliisllc

ii

here the rcseinhlnnee ends. In the panilile and alletrory an actual basis of resendilanee and actual points of contact exist between the priinaiy suliject and the analogous subject with which it is compared. Tims, each subject may serve In the iwnible the author as a lifTUie for the other. himself indicates the analoiry by placinj; interpretabut iti the allejiory. jud.i;nient tion next to iniaire; An index to the lueaniui; is pro is not expressed. vided by the c'ondition and circumstances of hearer and speaker, and by the individual fifrures of the imajic which, as it were, form a veil through and beyond which the mind sees the real object. The interpretations are frivcii. for instance, in the most finished jiarable of the Old Testament (Isji. v. 1). in the paralile of the vine (Ezek. xv.). and in the parable of the poor man bereft of his ewe lamb by the On the other hand, in the rich man (II Sam. xii.). eightieth Psalm, the reference of the vine to Israel (compare Isa. v.) is not detinitely indicated, but only understood from the connection. In -Jer. ii. 21 the same thought is expressecl Parable as in I.sa. v. and Ps. Ixxx.. but here it and is in luetaphorie form. In the New Alleg'Ory. Testament (John, x. Jesus' comparison of himself to a vine is also a metaphor, though somewhat lengthy, and often (piotcil Still more exas an instance of mixed allegory. tended are the metaphors in Ezek. xvi. and xxiii. One of the finest pieces of allegorical imager)' is the representation of the king of Babylon as an eagle, and the house of David as a cedar (Ezek. xvii. 3-1(1): but since the interpretation follows it is not strictly

an allegory, and metaphors similar to

it

in

character are given in Ezckiel(xix. 1-9; xxx. 2-17). The comparis(m of Jerusalem to a cahlron (Ezek. xxiv. 3-(i) is a iiarable rather than an allegory, and the allegorical description of old age (Eccl. xii. 2-). in its individual figures, is rather in the nature of

an enigma. Bibliography Lowth, On the Sacred Poetru of the HehrewK,

and xi.; Herder. Geittt der Khrtlischcn Pnrxir, Qeifdiuuultf Sthriftcn, ed. Snptian, xii. i:i-I4: ideiii. ]rU fr iibcriliisSliiiliiimderThct>l'iiiie,x.5let geij.: FriMicli. Xolry on the I'urahl'x, chap. 1.; (ierber. Die Sprache nls Kuiixl, 2d ed., II. 9a, l(X), Kfi, Ii;t, 4411, 4.")2. 474. 4,S2-4«; K. W. HidlltiKPr, Figures of Speech Used in tlie nihlc. pp. 74fi-7.54. Londcm, 1898; C. G. Mont«llore, Tentative Catalogue of liiljle Metaphora. In Jew. Quart. Rev. 111. 623 et scy. lectures x.

A

M. C. contemporary I.

ALLEGBI, ABRAHAM: A

livril at Constantinople about of !M(ises licnvenisle the middle of the seventeenth century. lie wrote a commentary on the " Sefer ha-Mizwot" of Maimonides, in which he defended him against the attacks of Nahmanides. lie published this work at Con" stantinople, in 1652, under the title " I.eb Sameah (A Gladsome Heart) referring thereby to his own naine, Allegri. I'luler the same title a number of his responsa were published in Salonica, 1793.

—

BiHi.ioGK.vrHY: fonfortc. I^ore hn-Dorot. ed. Berlin. lfH6. 4X')



Beiijacoli.

I

tzar ha-Sefarim, p.

2M

Bodl. col. 66.5; Zedner. Catalejffuc^ pp. hn-(iciloUm, I. ti, U. 70.



SteinsclineklHr, 29, 30: Azulul.

p.

f '<i*.

Sheni

of Jewish mysticism among the Christian humanists (see C.mi.u.ists. CiiHisri.vM. .Vllemanno's writings show great versjitility and attainments. In his chief work. "Heshek She'lomoh " (The Deliirht of Solomon he evinces a certain philosophic acumen as well as a wide aci|Uaiiitanee with both the Arabic and the (ireek philnsdphers. The inlroductinn to this work is a discourse on the artistic and intellectual at tainmeiits of the human race, all of which arc combined in King Solomon, whom the author i>laces above Plato and his fellows (compare "Sha'ar haHeshek," jip. 3-7). Excerpts from the introduction were published, with additions by Jacob Haruch b, I.

Moses Hayyim,

Leghorn

at

cabalist who flourished in the second half of the fifteenth century; born in Constantinople. Hemigrated to Italy, and became distingui.she(I there as the teacher of Pico della Jlirandola, "the Italian prodigy." in Hebrew and the Cabala, thus contributing toward the spread

in

I79II.

Allemanno

also wrote: " Ene ha Edah " (The Ev<'S of thi' Congregation), a cabalistic coiumentary on the Torah

(compare Ocdaliah

il)n

Vahva's

" Shalshi-lel

ha-Kab-

balah," ed, Warsaw, IHSi't," p. H(i); "HayyeOlam" (Eternal Life), a treatise on immortality; "Likkutim Collectanea," a volunu' of about two hundred jiages, containing stra.v thoughts, aphorisms, noteworthy iiuotations from rare authors, and e.xegetical remarks. liiiii.KMiKAPiiv Ili'irirlii. lUkhurr ha-'Ittim, Ix. i:); Idem.

Kerem

Jfiimv/,

II.

Hilil. Ihhr. VIII. 212. noti-.

Wolf.

44 I.



st<?lnschiieldcr. Tdf. Bodl. col. V-fSH (iriilz. <Jei<ch. d. ed.,

Juden.M

4711;

H.

ALLEN, JOHN

C!.

E.

English dissenting minister, edueatdr, and author: born !it Truro in 1771 and educated ill the city of his birth by Dr. Cardue. He conducted a private school at Hackney, near London, for thirty years, and died at that suburb on June 17, lie is best

1839.

or a Brief



known by

Account of the

his "Modern Judaism; Ojiinions. Traditions. Kites,

and Ceremonies of the Jews

in Modern Times" (London. IMlti); that is. since thecommon era. This work has been coniiiiended by no less an authority on religious subjects than Edward liiekersleth. the English divine, for its "useful information." William Orme, a contemporary, characterized it as "the best work on modern .Iiidaism in the Engli.sh language ";

and Thomas Harwell Home, an English bibliognipher. referring to it s;iid "In this well-executed volume the various traditions received and adopted by modern .Tews, that is, by those who lived in. and sub.seipient to. the lime of .Jesus Christ, are fully and I)crspicuously treated." The book was reprinted in

1830. Allen also publi.shed other works, including an excellent translation of Calvin's "Institutes" (1815; 2d ed., 1838). BiBi.iO(iRAPiiv



Ij'.slle

Stephen. Diet, of Xatioiml Biograof KnyliKh Literature, s.v.

phii, S.V.; Allllioue, Diet,

F.

H. V.

ALLENSTEIN Town in the district of Kiinigs:

berg, eastern Prussia. The small Jewish conununity there was established Feb. 2.'), 1802. Before that date there weri^ only a few families in the town, and they rented a room for divine services. The community possi'ssed a cemetery, in which the oldest tombstone is dated 1872. The synagogue was built in 1877; and a rabbi. Dr. Olitzki. was appointed in 1892. The following societies have also been organized: Society for the Care of the Sick and the Burial of the Dead (Hebra Kaddish.a); Women's Society Society for the Prevention of Vagrancy Jewish Historical and Literary Society. In 18S Allenstein contained forty .lewish famiiies. In 1900 there were one hundred families, or about 450 souls. H. V.

M. K.

AliLEMANNO, JOHANAN: A

412



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terests;

.

founded

in 1837

by Dr. Ludwig Philippson