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373 ;



THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

373

ordinary to Kinp Alfonso. At about the same lime (ll'ji)) tlicro lived in Toledo the physician Jiisepli Allakar, "the learned saj^e, the great tiasi and physician," wlio was instrumental in supprcssinir the Karaites in Spain (" Hev, fit. .luivos," xviii. O','; "Jew. Quart. Hev." xi. ;j<»0). He was the father of Judah Alfakar and, ])rol)ably, al.so of Abraham Alfakar. These two were considered the most celehraled of llieir line. Abraham Alfakar : A highly lionored member of the court of Alfonso VIII. of Clislile; died in January, li31 or -i:Vi), in Toledo. He was a master of Arabic, and a versatile poet. He wrote a eulogy (see Makkari, " Analectes snr I'llistoire des Arabes d'Espagne," ii. 3.J.5; >I. Ilarlniann. "Das ArabLsche Strophcngedicht," lS!)(i. p. 4I>) on his royal master, who honored him with a mission to Abu Yakub Aliiiustanzir, sullan of Morocco.

name Aljihandery still exists in Paris and Avignon. At the latter place there was a physician, Moses Alphandery, in 1500 ("Kev. £t. j"uives," xxxiv. •i.i^i) and a Lyon Alphandcric, in l.'j.'iH (il/id. of the

ill

Not 123.J).

less distinguislieil

who issaid

to

King Ferdinand

to

was Judah Alfakar

have been physiiian

Endowed with a

III.

vii.

—

Aaron ben Moses Alfandari

kiiiiintei-

own

friends.

IliiiLiociini'iiv: Zimz, '/.. CI. p. 428; A. fielRcr, DimJudenlhum mill Si iiii (icyrliiihli:. III. tii et kci;. ; OfJir Nihinitil, II. 17-' <;rillz, r;i»(/i. <;. Jmlin, vll, itj ct «c(j.; Steliuclibelilfr, iii^r.

Uilil.xla. 41.

M. K.

ALFALAS, MOSES.

ALFANDARI



See

Ai.i'.i..s,

family

.V

r)f

Moses. rabbis

eastern

and eighteenth ceiituriis, fdund in Smyrna, Constantinople, and Jerusalem. The name may be ilerived from a Spanish )>l'i>niini'nl

locality,

a

list

the

ii]

sevi'Uteenth

perhaps from .Mlanibni.

of the ihief

members

The following

is

Talmudic

-writer

(



to Toledo for this jiurpose, but falling ill on the road, Iviml.ii addressed a letter to Alfakar, which began

his



born in Smyrna about 17(10; died in Hebron in 1774. He emigrated to Palestine in his old age, where he met Aziilai. He was the author of two works: "Yad Aharon " (Aaron's Hand), a collection of notes on " Jur Oral.i Hayyim " (the first part of which was published in Smyrna in 17;i.1. and the second in Salonica in 1701) and on"Tur Eben ha 'Ezer" (Smyrna, 1 7oO-G) also of " Mirkebet liaMishneb " The Second Chariot a treatise on the first part of Maimonides' " Yad ha-IIazakali." His grandson, Isimc Ardit, wrote a eulogy on him iu his " Yekar ha-'Erek," Sa-

in

cept his errors would be sinful. The harsh manner ill which Alfakar treated the universally respected Kimhi aroused the outspoken disapproval even of

name, see Steinschneider, "Jew.

A

(died

with the following words: "O Judah, thy brethren offer thee homage from afar; thou art adorned with wisdom, greatness, and modesty." But Judah, who was tilled with Castilian intolerance, repelled his advances. A second letter from Kiml.ii brought from Judah a most emphatic answer, in which he unsparingly condemned the attempt of M.iimonides to reconcile the Greek or Aristotelian i)liilo,>iopliy with Juilaisni, and .set up a canon which several centuries later was approved by Spinoza. lie reproached Jlaimonides Willi iH-nnitting himself tobe influenced by mere pliiloso|)bical hypotheses. lie admitted that Maimonides was a great man, and entitled to much respect for the good he had done; but contended that he was only a human lieiiig. and that blindly to ac-

"|'nniEi)K

Quart. Kev." xi. ngi. In addition to the persons mentioned below, there is known a Solomon Alfandari (Valencia, 1367), whose son Jacob assisted Samuel Zarza in translating the "Sefer ha-'Azamim" of pseiido-ibn Ezra from the Arabic into Hebrew. merchant. Isaac Alfandari, was wrecked in 1529 on the Nubian coast (Zunz, "Z. G." p. 425; Stein.Schneider, "IIel)r. I'ebers." p. -148). D. G.

scienlilic education, Toledo. In the controversy concerning the writings of ^laimonides, he took sides with the opponents of the philosopher. The aged David Kinihi altempled to win him over to (lie |iarty of Jlaimunidcs. and uiiilertook a.^ourney

and exercised great inllucnce

Compare the names Moses

1.

e.|danatioii of the

an excellent

lect, lie accjuired

28(1

(Xeubaucr, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS." Xo. 2129) and Aaron i3^^{^J^^K (I'lnd. Xo. lOSQ). For a possible

onlinary

in

Alexandrium Alfandari

I,

lonica, 183. Azulal, Shem Ita-GeiloUm, s.v. Michael, Or No. 302; Zedner, Cat. lldir. Iioo}i« Brit. ^Tim.

BinLionRAPiiT



lui-lliiiiiiiiii.



IP. 4(1.

Elijah Alfandari rabliiat



Writer on matrimonial law;

d instant iiioplc in the latter half of the eight-

eenth and

the beginning of the nineteenth century. He luiblislied I wo workson matrimonial law, "Seder Eliyahu I{iibbali we-Zulta " (The Great and Small Order of Elijah). Constantinople, 171!1, and"Miktjib me-Eliyaliu "(A Letter from Eli.iah), Conslantiiiople, 1723. His cousin. Hayyim Alfandari, the Younger, in a question of law which he siibmitled to him, in

him as a great authority ("Muzzal nie-Esh," p. 39). refers to

Bibliorr.(piiy: Azulal, Cat. UiKll. col. l»s,

Sayyim ben

law

in rabbinical

Shem ha-OedMm, s. v.: Slelnscbnelder,

Isaac Raphael Alfandari the

Tounger Habbi

in Constanlinoplediiring the latter half of the seventeenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth century. In his old age he went to Palestine, where he died. He was tile author of " Esh Dat" (A Fiery I.aw), a collection of liomiliesprintetl togelher with his uncle's "Muzzal me-Esli " in Consttiiitinople, 171H. Several short treatist's by him are published in the worksof others. Aziilai .speaks very highly of him as a scholar and as a preacher.

of the family;

BlBUOnRAniv:

MIclini'l. Orfi(i-/r(iui/lni,

dcr, r<i(. HikII.

Ja(*ol)

ixiI.

No. 854; Stcliisohiicl-

SSI.

I

l.luyylm, milluir "f " MukrIiI ino-ltwilill," dliHl ntiout

IWO

5ayyin» ben Jacob Alfandari the Elder: miidie leaelurand w ritir;

Jacob, nullicir »r " Miizuil nie-Eab,' illc<l

ntwut

lllllll

iMinr liaplmi-l, dliHl nb<iiit liniu

I

Elijah, rubbl In Cunntanllnople

I

llavviin, uiilhtir nf '•

K»}

Dnt

"

I

Aartin

tteii

cllfil

MdW's.


 * T4

MinibiTs of this family are to be found to-day in Constantinople and iu lieiriit. A Portuguese family

linriiiii

I5sM'

at Coiislantinopli' in

I

died in

was

ItitO.

ltll^<;

Tal

leticher

He was

the

ben .loscph Sasoii. Some of his responsa were published ii. Ilie"Maggid ineHeshit " He Tells from tin' llegiiining), Constniitinople, 1711), which eoiitaiiis aN<i the responsa of his son Isaac Kapliael, and which wasedileil by his gnuxisoii Hayyim bell Isaac Kaphacl. Hisnovellie on s<'venil Till inudic Iri'atises are still extant in muniiscript. pujiil of .Varon

(

Dini.IoiiKAI'IIY fi(i-/.r(i|/i/fm.



Axiilnl, .</icin hii-dVidilfni,

No. US): iiu-liuclincldcr.

i

'al.

n. r.



MIrhnH, Or

U-kII. No.

4«lii!<.