Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/375

327 ;

THE

327

.IKWISII

thoughts aud confirming the religious bc-

rclijti'niH

of tho Jews. [The liist edition of

HM;

was

tlic

'"Ikkarim" appeared

at

with a ooniinentary oiider tile title of "Olicl Ya'akoli." by Jacob ben 8aiiiucl Koppilnian lien Huiiein. of Brzese (Kuyavia), Freiburg, loS-t, and with a larger commentary (' v./. Slialwl ") by (Jcdeliali ben Solomon Lipschitz, From tb<' later editions the passages Veniee. lOlS. .Siiiicino.

it

piihlislied

conluiiiiMg eritieismson the t'hristiun creed, in Book JII. eliaps. x.w., xxvi., have been e.vpunged by the ciiisor. while Gilbert Geiiebrard wrote a refutation of the sime with valuable notes. This refutation was jiublished with his own remarks by the renegade .lew Claudius Mai, Paris. lotiO (see .S<U.

A very hv

favorable view of Albo's work is expressed Liiw, " IlaMafteah " (Gross-Kanizsa), pp. Karpeles, "Gescli. der .lild. Lit." pp.

L.

2ilC.--.M)S



Brami, "Geseh. der Juden."

t<ir.-)H18;

ii.

208,

and

Bloeh, in Winter and Wilnsche, "Gesch. der J lid. I,it."

As

78T-T!)1).

ii.

to

dependence

Albo's

on

Creseas, Simon Duran, and others, see ,M. Joi'l. " Don Cha.sdai Creseas" Keligionsphilosopliische Leliren," 7(i-7H, 81, Breslau, 1860; Jaulus, in "Jlonats])]). IJrUll. in his ".lahrschrift," 1874. pp. 4t)2 rt wq. bUelier," iv, 52; and Seheehter, in "Studies in JudaK.] ism," pp, 107, 171, :!)2, and notes 19 aud 24.

Ilii(i.iof;R,rMV; TiinztT. Dt*' IttlitjiouitithiUntnphU' iIca Jnufph Alliii. I'resliuiK. I«»l: Muiik. .Wl(iii(r,«. p,."iOi ; (iriitz, Gc.<c;i. il.Jwhn.M iil..vill, ll.i .( .V. 7,. t,i;-I«7 : M. ELslpr, IVrff. ™ii(i II lll„r ilii- Jli.l. I'hilnx'iiihdi ilc.1 Mitti:UttUrs. 111. 1S« lY Hfi/.', Kaufiiiiinii. (it'tcit, ilt'v .tttri/iiiffii/t/irf. Index. «.r.; liliTii, liii Siiiiii:. iiiili'.x. ,s.i'.; s. Ilu(k, Jtmcph Alim. Iln»lau, IStlB;

Her.

Slcwhtcr, The D<niina» of Judaiism, 13) <(

I.

111

Jew.

yi«i7-f.

«<</.

E. G. H.

ALBY of the

(Ii

(ALBI)

Ancient cathedral town, capital Tarn, France, forty -two miles of Toulouse. It gave its name to tho

paitiiiriii



111

northeast famous Christian .sect, the Albigenses, wiiose struggles against the Church of Koine were so fatal to the Jews of ,southern France. At the council licld at Alby in 12.")4 for the purpose of exterminating the adherents of that .sect, the most barbarous decrees were promulgated against the Jews. In 1321) the ginall Jewish community of Alby. together with the

communitiesof Bordiau.x and othertowns. wasanniliilated during the I'vsriii ui;rx riots. The Jews, informed of the advance of the I'astoureaiix. took refuge in C'astel-Narbonnais. Hearing that the I'astoureaiix hud been arrested liy the <ount of Toulouse, they left patched to them a

them

«helt<r

in the

the

The mayor

cjistle.

relation forlilied

of

his

in

desto

orih-r

town of Carcas.sonne

but tile messenger, animated by a Imtri'd of the Jews, delivered them to their enemy, who slaughtered

them

all.

Bini.ioiiK.irilY

(aV; •t:mrk



Miiniliiri. .Srr(ji(iir<»

lia-ltitliii. e.l.

WK-ikt,

p.

Umim

HI.

I.

Bii.

town seven mills asi iif Sivillr, Spain { one lime it had II small Ji-wish coininunity. whose synagogue was

.V

I

liy

Fermnd Marline/, in members snon after were put

order of .Vrchdeacon

Decenilier, llilMl. to the sword.

Its

JI.

ALCALA DE HEN ARES A

New

Casiilr, Spain, silimlid uii

K.

walled town

the right

the Ileuares. about seventeen miles

the aichliishoii of Toledo, who exercised the right to nominate its rabbis aud appropriated part of the tjixes thai t he Jews were obliged to contribute, which, in 1291. amounted to 0.800 maravedis (about §23,000) in gold. The Oidiiianccof Alcala, issued. in 1348, by Alfonso XI. of Castile, is well known for its important inlluciice on Spanish-Jewish history. The com-

munity of Alcala pos.ses.se(l several synagogues; the largest stood on the Callede la Xinoga ("Synagogue Street"), in which, as well as in the Calle jlayor In Street"), the .Jews had their dwellings. the courtyard of a large house in the Calle Mayor was a small synagogue; and between the Calle Jlayor and the Calle de Santiago the Jewish slaughter-house was situated. Jlenahera b. Zerah lived here as rabbi

("High

from

l;!lil-08.

A convert.

Peio Ferrus, who delighted in writing former coreligionists, once

satirical verses u|ion his

lampooned the rabbis of Alcala. Ecjual to the occasion, the rabbis answered him in good Castilian poetry (Kayserling. " Sepliardini." ]). 73; Griltz, "Gesch.

Juden," 2ded.,

(I.

from

in

.Mailrid;

the Uni-

—

—



HiBLionR,iriiv

Jwlt tiir//,

pp.

Ziinz, In Zcilfchrift f.



tithiDit.f.

1.

l-ll;

liiria, .wll. 1.S4

l:iS: JaitKi^

<1.

WiMicnKcliaft

ilea

Simrefs (if SiHtnush-Jewinh Hi*-

lifilctin de hi Ileal AeailemUi ile hi Iltttct Kca.; Asher b. Jeblel, Ite.-ptituxt, No. L'. S UW.

M. K.

ALCALA LA REAL:

.V

town

in Jaen. Spain,

which sheltered a few Jews in the Middle Ages, and was the birthplace of Alfonso de Alcala. so piomineut in the preparation i>f the Polyglot Bible. M. K.

ALCAN, EUGENE:

French litterateur, painter, whoembraceil Christianity; born in Paris Ile was "a brother of Alin 1811 died about 1898. plionse Alkan; but the reason for the ililTereiiee in the orthography of the family name has never been explained. .Vlean was the author of the following Souvenirs de works; (l)"La Legeiide des .iiies (^uehiues Conferences de Saint Vincent de Paul" " lji Flore Prinlaniere: Souvenirsdu Ber(1879); (2) ceauel de la Premiere Knfance"( 18.82); (3)" Ui Flore

and

poet,



du

Trails Canicteristii|Ues de (juel(|iies

Calvaire:

(18.84);

(.

"

Les Cannibalesct

Temps: .Souvenir de la Campagnede rOceiinle sousleCommandmit .Marceau. Capilainede Fregato" (1887); (5) "Lestininds Devouemenlsi't I'lmpol du Sang" (I8!K)); and (0) " Hecits luslructifs du Pero Leiir

Balihazar"

(|8!»2).

niiii.i«iiii.iMiv ilei



AVriiioiii

I>e (iulx-niutbi, ilii

DIctlotniaIre Inlcriiallunal

Jiiiir, s.v.

V.U.

ALCAN, FELIX

bank of

From

viii. 82|.

versity of Alealil the famous Polj-glot Bible was issued during the years 1514-17. JIany renegade Jews had a share in the compilation of tliis extraordinary work, which, from the proximity of Complutum an ancient Komau town was called also the Comjilutensian Bible. The most prominent among the Jewish collaborators were Alfonso de Zainora. who lived here from 1514 to 1544 and Paulo ('oronel and Alfonso de Alcala, who made the Latin translation. The inagniticent palace built hereby Cardinal Ximenez of Cisneros. at whose expense the work was undertaken, until recently contained the state records; and in its spacious halls were to be found, admirably arranged, the records of the victims of the Iiu|iiisitiiin. There are several other cities in Spain that bear the name Alcala.

Voies Douloureusi's" Ilnlicnnim,

tii.

ALCALA DE GUADAIRA

ra/ed

In the Middle Ages Jewish community was under the jurisdiction of

birthplace of Cervantes (1547). its

lit'ls

Albo. Joseph Alcan, F^Uz

ENX'YCLOPEDIA

V.

French publisher and .scholar; gnindson of Gersoli born at Metz. March 18. IK-U Levy, autiior of "Orgiie el Pioutim," and son of a well'kuowu publisheriil Jlet/.. 1 laving tluished his