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298 ;

Ahrweller

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Aix

was attacked by the

Alirweilcr

soldiery of Brabant

niul Holland, and tbe Jewish rommunity biin-ly csciiped destruction. Of its ndibi.s. a tirtniii Isaac of Ahrweiler addressed ritual <iuestious to Jacob -Miilin

Worms (d. 14-7). aii<l wrote a coMimeiitary on the Piiitateueli. Ill Alirweilcr was also Halibi Issjiehar. wlmse daUL'litiT Fidiiiiiiet. the wile of Kalilii Samuel ben Jloses, was ,so leanieil that she copied .Samuel for her Schlettstadts "Kiz/.ur Jlordeeai," in husband. The manuscript is now in the BibliothOiiuc " Jiidenschreinsbuch der Kationale in Paris. In the (it

UM.

Laureiizpfarre" of Cologne there are mentioned as coniiufr from Ahrweiler; Joseph and his wife. Hiclia. r248-.Vi; Gunipert, son of the ]irecedinjr. r.JTO-T.'i; fSauland his wife, Hesrixelin. 181S-2(i: Joseph and his w ife. Geiiaiiiia. IJiU-Cjyii. In the Palatinate records

Simon, son of Vifanz — in addition llayyim), KUO; Hanne (in Hacliaracli). i:i(iT, widow of the precedinjr; to which may be added Harueh ben Simon, physician, poet, and glossarist (tlourished in I.Iayyim Treves, son of Jothe tift<'entli century). luuian Treves who wrote a conunentary upon the Ulahzor and who succeeded Kuben Fulda in the rabllis binate of Coloirne. died at Ahrweili-r in l.jlis. Dur.son-in law, Isjiac ben llayyim. also lived there. it siq.) we find the ing the seventeiMith century (1041 Diime of Herz Ahr'weiler as one of the " HabliiHis son uatsassessori'ii " at FranUforton-llie-Main. m.VTTiTlll.vir AllltWKll.Kit became rabbi of Heidelberg in 1708. The family name Ahrweiler occurs After this every trace also at Prague and Worms. of the conuniinity disajipears. The present Jewish community dates from the midIn 1899 there were dle of the nineteenth century. eighty-two Jewish families there. The new synaare to be found

gogue was 211



fh-r Lntarnziifnrn' p. !«.•<; Ikix Miirtjiinli,inurhiirJirx. fd. Siilteld. pp. -T:!, Jiuh n in il. Kiniifalz, p. in:.

Das Jiulnixctirriitstiucji Stern anrl HoiMiip-r.

Ki'ilii. eii.

flixim ik.i

XUrnhcrtiir Mi

287; Lrnvensteln. (ioifi.

il.

A. F.

AHRWEILER, MATTITHIAH born about

German



FranUrort-on-the-Main died at ileidellierg. September 19. 17iS. At the time Mattiof his birth his father, Herz. was dayyan. thiah ofliciated as rabbi at Bingen (Jacob Pojiper, Responsji." ii.. No. 8. Frankfort. 1742). and subsequently at Mannheim, where he taught in the college In 1708 he (see Ki..t"s) founded by Lemie Moses. took part in the dedication of the Lemle Institute. to Heidelberg as Shortly afterward he was called rabbi to the congregation of that city, with jnri.sdiction over all the congregations in the Palatinate, which position he held until his death. The local r;ibl)i:

1051) at

memorial book praises niBLioGRAPHY



his piety

and learning.

I^iwenstein, Geaclt. O.Juilcii

iii

d. Kvr)>falz,

1S95. pp. 137 el ntq.

D.

AHTTB BEN MEIR ^.sI

,

.in

r.

r.i

n

liiX

Avi

See

II.-

See Soi.oMox

b.

J.vcon

r.,

AHTJRAMAZDA. AI

HAN ASIA.

Mkik

AHCDI, SOLOMON. HA-'AI,

See Okmczd.

jirobably from '5;=" The Ruin "): royal Cauaanitisli (own, eastward from Beth-el in the northern part of the territory of the tribe of Benjamin, the seat of a king, destroyed by Joshua (.losh. viii.)after one unsucccs.sful attack (Josh. vii. ). In Josh. viii. 28 it is described as "a ruin unto this day." It must have been rebtnlt before the time of Isaiah, as it is mentioned in Isa. x. 28. where the name is given as Aiath. " Men of Beth-el and Ai " are mentioned after the Exile (Ezra. ii. 28); Aija and

A

lor

Beth-el were peopled

by Beiijamitcs

(Neli. xi. 31).

Ayya (as in many Hebrew manuscripts and

the belter

Septuagint manu.scripts, instead of Azzah-Gaza), in the latter passage, is a border city of Ephraim, Aiath may be understood thus or as I Chron. vii. 28. According to Gen. the northernmost city of Judea, xii. 8. xiii. 'A. Alir.diam eneanipeil on a mountain between Ai and Beth el; and in Josh. vii. 11 Joshua's army is said to have pitched on the north side of Ai with a valley between that place and Ai. Ai is generally identitied. according to Van de Velde, with the modern Tell el llajar, between Betin and Dilr Diwan; and, according to Hobinsou. with Kliirbet Hayan, directly south of the latter. BiuLKXiR.vpiiY: Robinson, UihUiiil Htnearchcs in Palestine, 11. U'.i, 312(1 «c</.

W. M. M.

{



built in 1895.

BiBLiOGRAPIIV

298

name, unaccompanied by ])atroiiyniie or cognomen, are known four amoraim, three of whom wen- membirs of the family of Abba Arika (Kab) in Babylonia, ami the remaining one

AIBTJ (IBU)

was

By



this

a ilistinguisheil Palestinian.

1.

The

father of

Rah. and elder half-lirother of Hiyya the Great, a lineal or lateral dese<ndant of the roval hou.se of David (Ket.02''; VerTaanit,iv.OS„;Gen. R. -xeviii.). After the birth of .Vibu, his father, having become a widower, married a widow who had a (laughter, and from that union came I.Iiyya. Aibu married his stepsister, and was thus related to Hiyya as both halfbrother and brother-in-law (Sanh. .5.f, Pes. 4'/). Aibu was a diseiide of Eleazar b. Zadok (.Suk. 44i); and Hiyya, speaking to Rab, often addressed him as Bar Pai.iiite (Son of Xobles; Ber. V.'Ji). thus testifying to the noblegiftsof his elder half-brother. 2. A son of I{!ib, who iidierited his name from his grandfather, but His father, seeing that not his scholarly capacity. Aibu was not endowed with great mental gifts, advised him to turn his attention to secular |)ursuit.s. furnisheil him with a number of practical rules of conduct. Aibu became a farmer; and some had occasion to criticize him for not observing a rabbinical enactment (Pes. 11.^'; B. M. 9:»; 'Ab: Zarali. grandson of Rab (Suk. U'l). So little 35/y). 3. was he known as an authority on the Halakah. that the name of his Palestinian contemporary Abbaliu was sometimes substituted for his (Pes. 40i', Hul. 122/) ct Mfj. ). 4. See following article. S. JI.

and

A

AIBU

(IBTJ)



A

prominent haggadist of the

fourtli amoraic generation (fourth century), contem|)orary of Judah (Juilan) b. Simon (b. Pazzi; Midr. Teh. to viii.2,cxiii. 1). Hewas versed in the Halakah, in which he often reported opinions in behalf of Rabbi

Zeb. Wifi); 54/*, 104/<; Kid. Ifl-/, ;»/ but noorigiii.'il decisions have come down from him. In the tieldof the Haiigadah. on the contrary, while we tiiid him repeating observations of his predecessors (Gen. R. xliv., Ixxxii. Jlidr. Teh. toci. 8|, he is Commenting on generally original in his remarks. Jacob's order to Josei)h, "Go and .see whether it be well with thy brethren and well with the flock" (fien. xxxvii. 14). the fiuestion is raised. Do flocks of sheep ajiprcciate human greetings? Wherenuto Aibu replies: "It is m;in's duty to pray for and look after the well-being of the dumb animal that contributes to his welfare" (Tan., Wayeslieb. l.i. ed. Bulier; see Gen. R. Ixxxiv.). In specifying the number of men that escorted .Vbraham on Ins journey to Moriah (Gen. .xxii. 3), and Saul on his visit to the witch of En-dor (I Sam. xxviii. 8). Scripture, according to R. Aibu. intends to convey the practical les.son. that man when traveling should be accompanied by at least two servants, or else he may himself become his servant's .servant (Lev. R. xxvi.).

Yannai (Ket.