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249 THE

249

JKWISII

of the colony, reference must be made to possession of ii stMini-plow. a stonm-mill, an aquciluct, a larye nurscn ;;aiili'n. jiavcd sirects, spacious wine-cellars, a library, a scliciol, a synairofTiic. anil a Furl licr evidence of this is the establishliospital. ment of the followinj; bniiulu's: Tantura, the ancient Dor, now called A^ot Zikron Ya'a^ob, situated four miles Udrlh. biuiiilid by I5ariiii Eilniond de Kiithscliild, with 'M families and some laborers who had worked in a ^lass factory which had to be jriven up, owini; to the ))oor (jnality id' tin- sand used; Shefeya, with :3iManulics; el-Gammal al-Jimal), with 4 families; and el-Tut (XXmrn al-Tut). According to the latest information, ))rosii('rity tlie

Em

(Umm

lit.st.KAl.

Em

it.

the Zikron Ya'ajfob colony, with its branches, has a popuhilidM (if ali.iul 2.000,' In the same year (1HH2) some immiirnints from Rumania foundeil the colony Rosh Pinah (.launah).

No Rosh

tlcwish

sellli IMC

more picturesquely

111

in

Palestine

situated.

It

is

lies

Pinah.

about four miles north of Safed, on the slope of a mountain, and conunands a magnificent view of Mt. Ilermon and Lake lluleh (Merom), It covered filO hectares (1,.W acres), which, To famiill 1>^W. supported a population of -Kill, in lies, or, accordiu!.' to V, liambus. So families, orabout ,'iOO souls. In IStl.S the population had decreased to IHI."), The seltlemi'nl possesses tlO hoisi'S, a small liark, all the necessary conununal huildin.ifs, a silkbiclory (atforiling employment to some lifty lads from Safed), about half a million grape-vines, and I

about

I'd,

(100

mulberrv

trees.

In IMS3 immiLTaiils from Russian Poland founded the colony Yesod ha-Ka'alah (Izbald or llurbat

Zubad).

They encountered

dilticuliirs.

bm

uiiiny

(Palestine,

received aid from the Chovevei Zion of Russia and Baron de Rothschild, The settlement, located on the shores of Jjike lluleh, occupied a tract of about J2S hectares (•'J63 acres^, and had a Yesod ha- jiopulation of 100. Its irrigation faMa'alah. cililies are unusual, receiving, as it does, an inexhaustible supply of water, by steam-power, from Lake Iluleh, Large nursery -gardens and the cultivation of roses on an extensive scale constitute the chief industry of the colony. Attar of roses is tnadc at a distillery erected by IJaronde Hothschild, SimuMif the minor occupations, from which an additional income is derived, arc fishing in Lake Huleh and cattle-breeding.

UK REUODOTU COLOXV, (From «

Agricultural Colonies

ENCYCLOPEDIA

lAl,h.-.li.t..

pbolot^Tsiib.)

In 1884 the started

cohmy Hazkeret Bitya (Ekron) was

by Baron Eilmond

di'

Roihschihi, with eleven

families of .Jewish agriculturists from Hazkeret Ro/enoi. Russia, on the site of Eknm of the Rible, the .Vkir of to-day. This Bitya. southwest of Er-Ramle, is situated The colonists, numbering, near .labni h (.lamnia). in lilOO, l."iO, in ;!0 families, ])Ossessed !!T2heclurc-s(llli) acres). At first the selllersdid good work; but in 18S,S they were led by agitators to discontinue operations in the year of the Shemittah, and this iiiact ivily In a short relaicUil the development of the colony. time, howi-vcr, tlx'y realized their mistake, and by exlni industry redeemed their lost time; so much so, that they were the first among the colonists to manage without the aid of Baron de Rothschild. .V portion of the land is devoted lotlie cultureof about Itt.tKMI fruil-lrces of various kinds; the remainder to the growing of cereals, the condil ions iH'ing especially suitaiile for the priMluctiou of excellent wheat, sesame, and barley.