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203 Adonai Adonal Melek

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

ao8

Chiircli father, in the fifth century, tells us that he heard it pronounced by them as Vabe, which is the equivalent of Yahweh. Even in the writing of the Kame scrupulous care had to be taken by the scribes

teen attributes of

God

(E.v.

xxxiv.

6, 7,

according

Hosh haShanah, 174, and the tinal clause of ver. same chapter); being the propitiatory versicle running through the whole system of selihot. This pizmon is usually associated with the beautiful melody given on the ]>revious page, a to

9 of the

(see Soferini, v. G).

The day on which the Pharisees succeeded in abnifrating the ancient Sadducean custom of havinjij the Sacred Name written in public documents was celebrated as a gn^at day of thanksgiving (explained correctly by Dalman, against li. II. IWr,

characleristically Polish utilization of the plaintive Oriental chromatic .scale. The melody is not of great age. F. L. C.

ADONAI BE^OL SHOFAR

"Wo

upon you, yt) <'ompar(^ with Yadayim. iv. H, Sadilucees, who write the name of the temporary ruler alongside of the Sacred Name! "). No wonder, thi-ii. that tlic Greek translators of the Hible, even though some scribe might now and then write the

(lait" ^ip3 ") of lour stanzas, raili eliding and conmieneing with llie respective halves of Ps. xlvii. It is chanted in the Sephardic liturgy before the 0. lirst sounding of the sholar on the Day of Memorial, or New -year festival. The traditional melody, which is repeated after the second sounding of the shofar in the mumf ])rayer, bears some resemblance to olii tunes of Provence and Navarre, and may be fairly regarded as a folk-song from the Pyreueau region, adapted for use in worship by the

A

Tetragranunaton in tin- archaic Hebrew form on the margin, mill, as found by Origen (see facsimile attached to article A*iiii..), took great care to render the name nini regularly Kivjiuf, Lord, as if they knew of no other reading but Adonai. Translations dependent upon the Septuagint have the same

siKirt



iiiziii"ii

ADONAI BEKOL SHOFAR Allegretto.

$ shu

vash

far,

-

-lf=fr.

^f-=^

-1

kab

le

'uh.

-

sho

kol.

^x^^ir

"*—jf-^

fzrd

$

eS^^

It be

do

-

bez

seh

pe

zu

-

•

rah,

Be

-

bo.

-

'ah:

'a

-

lah

him

lo.

Not from "superstitious fear " or niisjipplication of the third connnand of the Decalogue or of Lev. xxiv. 11. l>ut from a reverential feeling that the Name ought not to lie iironouiiced except with coMsecnilecl lips and to consecrated ears. the subslilule " Lord "came into use. Yet this simple measure, introduced to guard the Name against pro fane use. formed one of the most iiowerful means of securing to the Biblical Ood the imivcrsal cliaracter with which He is invesled as the Lord of Hosts anil the Kuler of nii'ii and iialions. YIIWII, as the fiod of Israel, might still be taken as a tribal (iod; 'I'lic Lord is no longer the (iod of one people; He is fjord (if all the world, the Only One. Compare Namk roadingof the Name.

OK God, Sukm

ii.v-Mi:kou.sii,

and

TKrn.(iK..MM.-

TON. DlIiLin<;R.(riiv



CiiKlar

unit xritif (ii-srhti-hit Ta.vlnr, Siiiiim»it<

II.

llti-

Iiiiliniin.

Fhr

nnll,xii,iinr

.l>t'>ii on

the thirtien .Vtthiiutks ok Ood in the mlilint (propitiatory prayers) for the liflli intermediate day of the Tkn D.ws ok Pk.mtknck. ai-cordinir to the northern liturgies. It is repeated in full in the "Ne'ilah" service of the Day of .tonemenl. There are live verses bearing iUr acrostic Anullai. the au thor's name, with a refiain compounded of the thir-

bi

trn

•ah.

Spanish Jews of the fourteenth century, in accordance with a practise alreaily familiar in the day of Abraham ibn Ezra and .ludah ha-Levi. and continuing lar

down

lo the period of the Exiiulsioti. The secusucli melodies are given in the rubrics

names of

many editions of the Sephardic Mahzor, the hymns piijutiiii) included in which, while com])am-

of

'{

few in number, more closely reiiroducc the meter imd rhythm of the Gentile secular verse than the "rimed jirose " which occurs so frciiueiitly in These hymns thus li'iit themthe northern liluriry. tively

selves re.adily to secular melodies.

ADONAI MELEK

F. L. C.

A

refrain of fre(-|^D ") : ((Uent occurrence, particularly during the servicesof thedavsof peniti'iice. Imilt u|)of the following Scriptural phrases: "The Lord reignelh " (P.s. x. 1«. Ihh.): "The Lord reignelh " (Ps. xciii. 1); and "The Lonl shall reit'ii for ever and ever " (Ex. xv. ISl. lieing introduced into till' peidleiilial servicesof both the A.shkcinizic and Sephardic liturgies ns a refrain, phrase by phrasi', to poems in stanzas of three verses, the two traditional melodies May be (pioted in contrast, since they are characterislic of th<' individinil dilTerences between the traditional music of the northern and that of the sonllnrn Jews of Europe. In the

Sephardic liturgy (alonir. at least, the Dutch, which isalsothe Hritishand Coloinal, line of transmission: