Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/242

196 Adler, Isaac Adler, Nathan

"Can Jews bo 1878)

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDLV Patriots?" ("Ninctceuth Century,"

which uttnutcd much

BiBLKxiRAPHV: Juootw,

JfU". Clinm. aoii Jew. World, June. 18B1; 1899; UTio'nIl'/iof 1899; roimo

G. L.

Son of Rabbi Samuel Adler. Auuiicmi physician and professoi' of clinical medi<-in(' in the Xcw York Polydhiic .Medical School and Hospital; born at Al/ey. Germany, in is4il; cmiHe was jinidualed from j^ralcd to America in 185T. Columbia College in lS(i8, studied medicine in the universities of lleidelberj;, Vienna. I'ia>rue. and Berlin; and received his degree of Ml), from lliidelbirj;

From

the year 187.") Adler held the position of visitinir i>hysieian to the German Hospital in New York city. In 1890 he l)ecame professor of clinical patholoi^y at the New York Polyclinic Medical Adler wa.s elected in 18tl8 consulting phySchool. sician to the Monteliore Home. He is the author of a number of scientific monographs on medical subjects, one of which, "Observations on Cardiac Syphilis {"New York Medical Journal." lx.iii. .577). has had the distinction of being translated into French in"Kevue GeneraledeCliniiiue et de Tlierapie." xii. 818-824. Paris. 18!I8. W. S. in IHTl.

ADIiEK, JACOB: Judito-German at Odcssji. Russia. January

1.

actor; born

Inllueuced by

18.«.

a Jewish troupe which came from Uumania to Odessa in 187.5. he resolved to devote himself to a theatrical career. He 1878 at the theater in

made

his first aiijiearance in

Kherson. IJussia. and from the outset proved himself a skilful interpreter of the sentiment and thought of the Russian ghetto. In 1.88:i. when the Russian goverameut prohibited In all Jewish plays, Adler emigrated to L<indon. February, 1888, lie removed to New York, where he became one of the leading actors on the Jewish stage. See I)k..ma. Bibliography nmn), York,

BUhnc

Selfert, in Die Iilisclic (Jud:vo-Ger1897; H. Ilapgijod. in Evening Post, 1900. October,

New

M. York,

New

M. B.

ADLER, KARL FRIEDRICH

Austrian Prague, Boliemia. .March 31. 1865. He is the son of Moritz Adler. aulhor of "Der Krieg. " die Congressideen, und die Allgemcine Wehrptlicht Karl Adler studied at the universities of (1868). Prague and Vienna, was professor extraordinary of commercial law in the University- of Vienna from 1893 to 1898. and in 19(10 was professor of eiil law at the University of Czernowitz, Bukowina. In 1898 he embraced Catholicism. Adler is the author of " Das Oesterreichische Lagerhausrecht " (1892). a treatise on the Austrian law concerning the regulation of storehouses; " Realcontract und Vorvertrag " (1892), a work dealing with contracts and first drafts; "Zur Entwickhingslehre und nogmatik des Gcsellschaftsrechts " (1895), an examination into the evolution and dogmatics of social law. He has contributed miscellaneous papers to "Zeitsehrift flir Handelsreeht " (vol. xxxv.). "Archiv fi'ir Biirgerjurist;

liches



b<irn at

Recht

" (vol. iii.).

"Conrad's Handwi'irlerlnich

der Staatswissenschaften," "Zeitsehrift filr Privalund Oeffentliches Recht," "Monatsschrift fur Handelsreeht," etc.

ADLER, LAZARUS (LEVI)

S.

academy) of Rabbi Ilirsch KunGelnhausen. where for five years he as,sidvmusly applied himself to Tidmudicstudii-s. Thence he went to WUr/.burg. Bavaria, partly to attend the lectures on the Talmud by Chief Ualilii Abraham Bing an<l partly to prepare himself for academic .studies. In 1830 he was matriculated at the University of WHrzburg. From his intercourse here with Einhorn and Dukes he received many spiritual suggestions. These were not wasted and, under the advice of his teacher. Professor Wagner, he read Herder's writings, which definitely shaped his conception of the

yenhihah (mbliinieal reulcr. at

attention.

JiwMi Year Book,

ADLER, ISAAC

196

German

rabbi.

of the period of Iiansition; born at Unsleben. Bavaria, Nov. 10. 1810; died at Wiesbaden, Jan. 5, 1886. He studied Hebrew literature at an early age, and. under his father's tuition, read both the Bible and the Talmud. lu accordance with the system of education then prevailing, he was placed in the



clerical calling in relation to |)reaehing In 1832, accompanied by friends, he

and

])ractise.

journeyed

to

Miniich, an<l in the winter of 1833 received the degree of doctor of i)hilosophy at Eilangen. Returning home, he prepared for. and passed with honors, the Theological State Board examination, prescribed bv law forteachers. Wilhothersof congenial views, Adler founded (WlUzburg, 1837-38; Munich, 18394.5) " Die Synagoge," a uon-partizan Jewish religious journal, wlio.se.sole aim was to instruct and to edify. At an assembly of representatives of Jewish congregations, convened at Wi'irzburg bv order of the Bavarian government, and which Adler attended as the representative of his native congregation, he showed (he siime moilerate policy that he pursued through-

out his life. In 1840 Adler was elected district rabbi of Kissingen, a section of the country comprising twentyfour congregations. A memorandum on the civic position of the Jews in Bavaria, published by Adler in 184 at Munich; a circular letter, addressed to the deputy .Vllioli. and entitled "Emancipation and Religion of the Jews, or the Jewish Race and its Adversaries" (Fiirth. 18.50): and an "Ojien Letter" (18.52). addressed to the deputies Ruland, Sepp, and Allioli. were all well received. In 18.52 Adler received a call toJIayence; but, having also been ofTered the chief rabbinate of the electorate of Hesse, at Cassel. as successor to Philip Roman, who died 1842. he decided to accept the latter appointment. While at Cassel. in addition to his increasing ministerial duties, he contributed occasionally to the literature of his day. "Talmudische Welt- und Leliensweisheit " was the title of a work in which he int<'nded to treat the Pirke Abot; but only the first volume appeared. A large number of excellent sermons that he published testify to his liomilelic gifts. In the field of pedagogies he was also active, editing school-books, especially a reader for Jewish schools containing numerous translations (in German) from rabbinical literature. He also published " Discourses for the Promotion of Humanity" (in German, 3 vols., I860, 1870, 1876). The Bavarian government would not permit him to attend the congresses of rabbis at ]5runswick. Frankfort, and Breslau but he took a prominent part in the proceedings of the congress at Cassel, over which he jiresided,

in those of the synods at Eeipsic and Augsburg. earnest speaker, he strenuously advocated moderation, pleading for union and jieaee. His last work, favoring wise reforms, bore the title "Hillel and Shamniai, or conservative Reform and stable Conservatism; a message of peace to the congregation of Israel and its leaders," Strasburg, 1878. BiBLioGRAPUT: KayserlinK, BiliUothck Jlhlischer Kanzelred-

and

An

ue)

ii. 2:ii.

M. Si. American rabbi born at Lengsfeld. near Kiseiiach. Saxe-Weimar, Germany, January 9.1812: died in Chicago. 111.. January 29, 1892. He was educat*'(l in Bililical and rabbinical literature bv Isaac Hess, rabbi of Lengsfeld; and.

ADLER, LIEBMANN