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192 — —



Adibe, Jacob Adler, Dankmar

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

ii. 19, § 3 mentions a Kenedeus and a as aiiliiif; l)nivoly in tlio defense of Jerusalem against tlie Homaus, and "the sons and brethwere l)oiind and ren of Izates the king led to Home, in order to make them hostages for their coimtry's fidelity to the IJomans" ("R, J." certnin Jacob Hadyalja is mentioned vi. 6, § 4). in n. B. 2f)A: and also Ziiga of Hadvab. or Zawa (Heilprin. "Seder ha-Uorot," ed. m.'ii. 115). The Tahnml mentions a certain kind of scorpion in Adiabene (Hab. Sliab. l'21/»; in Yer. Shab. .iv. 14/<, the reading n'^nji." is incorrect) lliat might be killed on the Sabbathdavbecauscof its venomous character. It also states (Bai). Jlen. 32//) tliat llie followera of

" B.

J."

Monobaz

.

.

.

.

.

.

ASIEIj 1. A prince who captured Gedor in

of the family of Simeon, the days fif Ilezekiah Chron. iv, 3(J). 2. A priest, son of Jahzerah (I Chron. i.. 12). 3. The father of Azmaveth. who was " ov the king's [David's] treasures " (I (^hron. ras over xxvii, 25) G. H. L.

(

I

A

Monobaz

(Yer. ileg. iv.. en<l. pipD n'3') were accusto tix the )iitzii:iih upon a slalf, and to set the stall upright in anj- inu in which they happened to pass the night (Tosef., Meg. iv. [iii.] 30; Yer.

tomed

Meg.

iv. 75c).

All

manner of

traditions

false

have gathered

The Armenian

around these statements.

liistorian

Jloses of Chorene. who wrote in the Traditions, fourth or tiflh century, has tnmsferred the story of Izates' intervention in Parthia to Abgar. one of the kings of Edessa. Helena the wife of Abgar, t'kkama (Von making Gutschmid. "Kleine Schriften." iii. 45), probably because Abgar VII. was the son of Izates (Duval,

"Histoire d'Edesse," tion .Monobaz is

p. 51).

made out

In later Jewish tradi-

Agrippa Daud. "Sefer ha-Kabbalah." in Xeubauer, II. (Ibn "Med. Jew. Chron." i. 51; compare also "Seder '01am." lb. 170; and "Seder 'Olam Zutta." in one recension, ib. 71. which in another recension (ib. 75), however, is sjiid to be impossible. The same is to be found in Zaeuto's " Yuhasin." ed. Pilipowski.93). Accordin.g to Zemah Gaon, he was a son of Herod ("Yuhasin,"

to be a son of

93, 2, below).

BlBLKXiR.vPUT: rhiel authority

i.s .losephus (.lii(. x.t. 2, g 4 ; li.J. ii. l'J,6-': iv.».i II; v.S, 82; :!, B .5; 4.S-'; li,81),who probal)ly got his infoniiation fnun Atliabene Jews in Jerusalem iVo'n (iutschinid, Klfittc Schriften, iii. 4). Notices may also lie (rather^ from IMiny, HixtitrUx Xatnralis, v. 66, vi. 44 ct scq. : .iiimianus, Hi,sN>n/. XNiii. 7, § I ; x.xlii. 6, S 21 Strabo, GeonrapUu, xvl. Tin cf ttc.q.x Briill, Atliahene. in Jahrlt. 1..tS ct sc<i.; Griitz, In .Voiin/«.<(hn'/MS77, xxvl. 241 et «cg., 289 ct scq.; Von Gutsehmid, Gc»ch. Iratis, pp. 140 et esq. ; Sehurer, Uesch. il. 5B3.

G.

ADIBE, JACOB



A

Jew, exiled from Portugal

Azamor

in the jirovinee of Duccala, Morocco. In 1512 the niUrof Azamor had surrendered to the sovereignty of Portugal, but soon renoimced his allegiance. King JIanuel thereupon oidered a fleet to the rebellious city, entrusting his nephew. Don Jaime, duke of I5raganf;a, with the supreme command. There ensued a fierce battle between the floors and the Portuguese, which raged all day without apparent result. At dawn on the following morning, however, Adibe appeared before Don Jaime and amioiineed to him the evacuation of the city. At the same time he asked for protection for his family and his coreli.irionists. The duke com|)lied with this request; and luider the ]iroteetion of a military force, the Jews, numbering several thousands, were escorted out of the city and settled at SafTee and Fez. Adibe himself returned later to in

14!itl.

Willi

(hvclt

at

Azamor. Dam do Goes, Clinm. *i TJci D. Manuel, pp. .sc(.; A. C. de Ronsa, HiVf. (ieneral ila Ca.'<a Itcal tie Pnrtuiiuezet, v. ."i22; D. L. de Barrios, Hu<tnrta Vnicerxal Jwlaaca, p. 13; ilonatsichrift, vii. 445 ct s«o.

BiBi.iocjRArnT
 * i72f f

M. K.

ADIDO.

See Hadido.

192

ADINO THE EZNITE.— Biblical

Data

In



which the names of David's heroes are recorded, occur two mysterious words, 'JVVn 13'iy (according to the /.rri), which came to be regarded !is the designati(m of one of the heroes. They are thus interjueted in the Septiiagint. which was followed by numerous other versions. The two words clearly reitresent a textual corru])ti(m for II

Sam,

xxiii, 8 it

seij.,

in

—

ns Illy that is. "brandishing his spear," as the parallel passage (I Chron. xi. ll)correctly reads and instead <if being a projier naiue. are merely de.seriptivc of Yosheb Bashslieliet (a I'uphemism for Esh-liaal) the Tachmouite, mentioned at the beginning of the verse. in'jn

BiBl.I0(iRAriiV: Wellhausen. Text tier liUchcr Samuelis. p. 212; liudde in his edition of Samuel-, ad loc. In S. B. O. T.

J. Ju.

In Rabbinical Literature: According to a Haggadah. this name is oidy a designation of David to denote two of his piincipal virtues. On account modesty he

is called 'Adino (" pliant like a because he bowed down and crawled in the dust before pious men and scholars. For his heroic deeds and his strength in battle he is called Ha'Ezni I" the man as strongasa tri'e [vj;]"; M. K. Wi).

of his

worm

")

The Vulgate

translation, "tenerrninis liyni rerrniis liased upon a somewhat dilTereut lla.ir.sadah. The Targum, on the other hand, also aiiplies the name to David, but translates it as the one "adorned" with "weapons" L. G. (nj? and pri, ciibi.1 "

(the

ADIYA.

most tender woodworm),

See Sa.miei. rnx Adita.

ADJIMAN

Jewish family in Turkey, several memlieis of which were treasurers and inlendantsMeir Adjiman, who lived general of the ianizaiies. under Selim HI., posses.sed such inlluenee that he was able to promote a simple janizary private to the rank of a snkit-hrtrlii. The same janizary had him strangled a few years later. A similar fate overtook his successors, the brothers Baruch and Jacob, and also Isaiah Adjiman. the last of whom met his death under Mohamiued II. M. K.

ADJtTRATION, TALMtTDICAL See

I

)AI

MODE OF.

II

ADLER: A

family that came originally from Fiunkfort, but which has been connected for more than a century with the chief rabbinate of England. Tebele Schiff, who was chief ndibi of London, was. it is true, only connected by marriage with Baer But there Adler. the two havin,!i married sisters. thus is little doubt that the family associations created with England had something to do with the candidature of X. 31. Adler for the chief rabbinate Though a Fi'ankfort family of England in 1S44. and thus related, directly or indirectly, with the Worms and Koth.schilds they have been, this century, moie closely connected with Hanover, especially while it was under Biitish sovereignty another point of connection with England. The name has been deii ved from the eagle on the sign-board in the Frankfort ghetto, or from the outstretched hands

—

—

in the priest's blessing, reseiubling the wings of an the Adlers being of priestly stock. Tradition traces it back to Simon, the author of the

ea.ule.

"Yalkut Shimeoni"; but the actual pedigree,

the