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184 ;

Adam-Salomon b. Ababah

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

Adda

184

an important fart for tlio textual works liolli of Aristotle ami of AdaAiiamantius was also a naUiralist mudmantius. itamcnts iiilrodurcd l)y liim arc mentioned by Oribasius, who compiled a medical work during the reign of the emperor Julian.

respondence that formed the nucleus for lier " HisAmong her various works are tory of the Jews. " "A View of I{<ligious Opinions" (1784), of which several American and English editions ai)peared, the fourth edition under the title " IJictionary of

Wi-llniann, In Pauly and Wlssowa'8 Rcaliltr ( '(i(,-wij«7i( /I Altiiihunu'wistfniicliafl, I.

"Evidences of Christianity " (1801); an "Autobiography," and the "History of the Jews from tho

than any

othf-r.

criticism of the



Bibliography: M. iiirilliliniililic

Wl; 27.');

KcHTstvr. In Ulfui,

Ilirmen.x.W:; Idem,

(»ri),ii.«iii.-. v. Kiit-ll-'.

/'/lifolut/"". 1I4.:«"). ."iW.

S.

xhi.avt-



French si ulptor; Imrn at I,a I'Vrte sons -Jouarre. in department of Seine ctMarne. France, 181S; till' Adam Salomon was died in Paris, April 2'.K IXSI. intended for a mercantile career, which he followed for some time at Fontaini'bleau hut he afterward ent<'red the factory of Jacob Petit as modeler, a calllie inj;' for which he had shown talent in his youth, was sent by the authorities of his departmeiil with a .scholarship to Paris, where he studied sculpture thoroufihly and then, to perfect himself in his art, he traveled in Sw itzerlaiul and England. The bust of IJeranger which he produced at once established his reputation, ami was repeatedly cojiied. It is said that, as the poet declined to sit for liim. he modeled Adam-Salomon exhibthe features from memory. ited twice in the Salon, under the pseudonym of



"Adania" (IS.)4and

1S4S).

His other productions included medallions of Copernicus ami of Amyot, busts of Hossini, Delphine Gay, George Sand, Lamartine, Ilalevy, GarnierLamartine had a special esteem Pagfis. and others. for

Adam Salomon -



and the sculptor,after the death of the poet, took a cast of his lie also made head. a medallion of Jlarchand Ennery, chief rabbi of France. Besiiles these works his bas-relief of Charlotte Conlay and the tomb of the duke of Padua are worthy of mention. Towarii the end of his career.

Adam

.Sal-

omon devoted

himself to photograiihy, and assisted in the development of this art. In 1850 he married Mile. Georgine Cor.Mlam-Salomon. nelie Coutellier. a fellow artist, of Christian birth, who embraced the Hebrew faith and remained true to it till her death in 1HT8. The remains of Adam Salomon rest in Fontainebleau. BlBLinoRAPiiY: Aiinreau LarnxiMC Diit. Univ. (let Co)ilemi>.,s.v.

Ilhixtrr,

1.

77; Vapereau,

j yy

ADAMS, HANNAH:

American author of a Medtield. near Boston, in 17o5 or n.'tG; died at Hrookline, Mass., November 1.5, 1833; one of the earliest women writers of America. She accpiired the rudiments of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew from some university students boarding with her father who encouraged her religions aii0. This history of the Jews after Bililical times was the tirst issued in America, and it contains, among other interesting features, a great deal of in format ion about the Jews of America that was reproduced by Jost. It is based chielly oil the works of Gregoire, Basuage, Buchanan, and others. G. A. K. ton. ISli;

Kii.

ADAM-SALOMON, ANTONY SAMUEL

Keligions";

al

writings brought her little pecuniary profit, they secured her many distinguished friends, among them the Abbe Gregoire, with whom she carried on a cor-

ADAMS, JOHN



Second president of the Uni-

Slates; born at Biaintree, Mass., Oct. 19 (old style), 17;i5: died at Ciiiincy, Mass., July 4, 1836. In the later years of his life he devoted much time and thought to the consideration of the history of religions. I'poii this subject he carried on an extensive corresiiondence with .Tefferson, in which he exhibited an intimate knowledge of Jewish history and of the contributions of the Jews to the civilization of the world. In expressing his opinion iu Februarv, 1809, he wrote (" Works of John Adams," ix. 009, ijlO): ted

'. In spite of BiillnghnikP ami Voltaire, I will Insist" that the Hebrew.s have done more to t-ivlllze men than any other nation. If I wen' an atheist, and lielieved in blind eUTrial fate, I should still believe that fale had ordainwl the Jews to Ik' llie most essential Instrimieiu for elvlllzlnp nations. If I were an atheist of the orher seel, who Itelleve, or jut^tend to iM'lieve, that all is ordered by cliani-e, I should Ijelieve that chance had ordered the Jews to Ilrl^erve and propagate to alt iiiankiiid the doctrine of a supreme, intelligent, wise, ainiluhtv sovereign of the universe, which I tn'Ileve U) lie the great es.setitial principle of all inonUity, and consequently of all civilization. I can not say that I love tin- .(cw> -cr-y much, nor the FYench, nor the EngWe must loveall nations listi, nor the Komans, iioi- itie lini-ks. as well as we can, but it is very hard to love most of them." .

.

In 1818 he expressed himself similarly in a letter to Jlordecai JI. Noah (see No.Mi. "Travels in England, France, .Spain," etc., appendix, p. xxvi.). H. Fh.

ADAR (K.

'..

of Bela (I Chron. dah (Josh. xv. 8).

ADAK

ADDABi: viii.



2.

A Benjamite. son border town of JuG. B. L.

1.

A

(Assyrian, Ad-da-ru) The twelfth ecand sixth civil month (Esth. iii. 7. ix. 1 Ezra. vi. 1.5). It has usually twenty -nine days, of which the follow ing have been set apart for commemoration: The seventh day is observed as the anniversary of the death of Moses. The ninth of Adar was made a fast-day, because, says the Megillat Ta'anit, the Ilillelites and Shammaitcs strongly oi>posed ciicli other on the seventh of Adar (compare Shab. I'll)- The thirteenth day was originally a festival, called Nicanor Day, commemorating the death of Nicanor (see Adaus.v), the Syrian general in the Maccabean war, who aroused the indignation of the people by his insulting language concerning the sanctuary (II Mace. xv. 3; Ta'anit, 18';; Megillat Ta'anit). Subseijuently the thirteenth of the month was made a day of fasting in memory of Esther's fast (Esth. iv. 10), and it was called the Fast of Esther. It was the preparatory day to the festival of Purim. celebrateii on the fourteenth day, and in .Shushan also on the fifteenth day. At present Adar coincides approximately with March. clesiastical