Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/196

150 ;;

,:

Accents in Hebrew zur

Tin:

Grammiilik

hi'brtlisclu-ii

.1

i:visH

Tuliuml unci Mid-

in

note 4, Ik'ilin, 1S79. 3. All of the IK'brcw Arcents are propcrlj- "sentence-accents." Hence they vary in form (7, r accordance willi their varying pausal etc.) in functions. The sign once chosen, the Sentence- " word accent " is indicated by its place in the accented syUablc. above Accent. or below the initial consonant in the center; when theie is a vowel .sign below, the latter occupies the center, while the accent sign is placed rastli." p.

2!i.

'.

,

Some farther to the left: "'.-? .-T": .t^jr. ,"?,";?'?. of the accents are placed, withotit regard to the accented syllable, invariably at the beginning or at the end of the word (hence termed pnpoxi t i rci< auiX jwstimMtirtu the notation

A

i^^).

.Hv?^: in the editions of Baer, repeated on the accented syllable:

''????!



is

secondary accent

(>%.?

"bridle," that

is,

A

word may lose check) is indicated by 7 ^'>^^',. its accent; then it is joined by means of a hyphen Ti?-, (115? "coupler") to the next following word: nbnpn-S^-rN; ,n^N5-"i="f,'; the words thus united are regarded, for purposes of accentuation, as one word

,

Hebrew words have the last syllable

(>"^ ,?

"

their

below

The accent

Place of

Word-

(for a below). In (word-types)

bjick

Accent,

or on the penult (next

"above"). never found farther is seeming exception see the majority of words the accent falls upon

the last syllable)

to

either on

main accent ")

(''i:!l?

encyclopedia

150

the two words were hyphenated (si-e below); point of fact, the non pausal is intended as a substitute for the secondary accent (see S; 4); the rule, however, is not followed cou.sistently (see Jos. Wijnkoop. "Darke ha Nesiga, sive Leges de Accentus Hcbraica' Lingme Ascensione," Leyden, 1881 also in Hebrew, ^>'°-,^ "r?"!, Amsterdam). Finally, penultimate accentuation isduelo recession iu;«/i/*«, if

in

that

when

is,

often

J

,

.:

the accent

etc.

,



in

is

ending in ^t and '-, hence 'j':.?'':;, in forms like '?^^.?i'',l

pausal forms

'"J.3,

,

a pausal one,

VK, ^^}i

"^J!*,

o^HO

'J?',

,

,



,





>,

The

^'S^?., '"?>!7.

=':'?-;i,

syllable receiv-

ing the .secondary accent must also be long (open with a long vowel, o])ene(l with a short vowel ^"J^^, ''"o*"with a closed syllable the sign is im|)lied, l)ut never expressed: °,.7?^,'?). When the syllabic i)reccding the main accent is overlong, that is, closed with a long vowel, the secondary accent will be placed there:

''^:r,.

t-"t,

°'r?..

".•;

V?."?

owing

''J^V-

tion of o

which

(imperative) and

to a retarded luoniincia-

the secondary accent will fall ceding the main accent when

in verbal in the dissyllabic suffixes ",y.-, '^?,^7-) forms of all stems (conjugations) ending in C" (T"), '1^'J-, ^l' in the causative stem (/«/'('/), addithe tionally in the forms ending in ^- and 'latter rule applies also to verbs ?">' and '^"V in all stems (except those which follow the analogy of

also in

the non-

SsiM .":">, 3_DM. Properly, the secondary accent is due upon the second .syllable from the main accent, jirovided the intervening syllable is long, that is, Secondary open with a. long vowel, closed with Accent a short vowel, or ojiened, that is, originally closed, with a short vowel: i't'f).

the shorter form

"J? (similarly



before the suffix



similar instances,

"s^r!,

055; (for



.

^JpN,

etc.

,

''};,,

less

forms

hence '^-.'^'- ^t".?!"! etc. in adverbs and partici pies, for example, ^n?, ^^i^- Conversely, the pausjil accent may bring about ultimate accentuation as in

the last syllable: ?i«, ^^ 3t>;, etc. Penultimate accentuation is found in the pronouns "'?^*?, (and "•?,;),

j"',.

^^S'^. ";?,

-, 7,

7,

in verbal



mised to

is thtis

n.

upon the

Similarly, syllable iire-

it is long (open with a long vowel, opened with a short vowel) and the sjilablc bearing the main accent is a conipoimd one, that is, consists of an ordinary (simple) syllable preceded by a consonant and an incompletely ' reduced vowel (a 1!?C: 7). or by a consonant ',

.

,

and a completely reduced vowel (a vocal •*'.¥' 7) at the beginning of a word; neither combination is capable of forming a .syllable by itself nor may

verbs), hence ^;i^. etc. in the noun in forms with a helping vowel like 1^5 (compare triliteral

,



similarly in the as in verbal forms like --), dual ending 2'-; with the so-called locative ending ^; (with a few exceptions); in verb and noun before the suffixes V-, n-(^?-) (when preceded by •.^'. ;

^"•^-M

and

['].;

^t-!!)?:.,

in

forms of the type

hence ,n^ar; similarly

^7,^?i7 ,ng.'?),

and ^-

(in

'^}'hp?,,

iri?i^

and '?-, in r.-, before "-, !-, "-, °-(in orioi?), ^=-and ^>; in the adverbs "sj", (also ".?^) and ^?= and those with the locative ending ^7 like ^J5 nnd I^I^ST)

(although not unifonnly); in ?iTJ forms (not uniformly, although with more regularity in verbs i""* and '''>) when the last syllable is closed and the next to the last is open, hence "'R?-', 1?.^^'.!. ^°V-, Oi7",'-, '^9,V'

in forms of the type J?i;', the accent remains on the penultimate before iJ- and (less uniformly) in all

etc.



forms with an o]ien peniillimate. Penultimate accentuation may also bo due to

cemon

J^d;

it

be joined in speech to the preceding syllable:

^^X "ii 7- When a word is long enough, another subsidiary accent may become necessary; it is placed at the same distance from the secondary accent as the latter from the main accent, and upon the same conditions (the one to the right v-"?,^!.

.

being the stronger)

stepping back "), as in ^t'l.'^ "I^H C'""? that is, when a non-pausjil accent (sec g 4) due on the ultimate jirccedes a pausal accent (!Vi)rf.)due on the penultimate; the non-pausal then recedes to

the penultimate (and even farther back in =".? i=??.J,) on the same conditions as the secondary accent

,

i^'Jnnnnp.

-l^s-D'fin

_

_

the second syllable from the main accent is closed (with a short vowel) and the syllable next iireceding is fipen, the secondary accent is place(l upon the latter, the interval between the two accents thus exceeding the limit of one syllable cv:?-)(;?.!.

^.r'^^. "'VT?-

.

,

.

etc.),

reduced vowels

or

(in

(vocal

^7?? V^. and so on).

concern us here at

A all

Psalms. Proverbs, Job) with Nir,

i?;n

.

nj)

>}2

,

NJ-N717,,

third kind which does not is the so called "euphonic