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75 THE JEWISH E^X•YCLOPEDIA

75

Israel Ilenriques," Amsterdani, wrote in Hebrew, under the^title njt bti nixi>SJ^ 'JTtJ'y. ii" account of the war between the Portuguese and the Dutch in Hra/.il. and of the This work has been sulTerings of the Jews there. partially |>ul)lished in the "Publications Am. Jew. Hist. Soe." No. .5, Vii) et seq.

Yalmcob

Torah

Sr.

llJTx.

lie

Buii.KKiRAIMlY: Kavserllnsr, liihl. Enp.-Port. Jwl. pp. -t, .'>: I'iMmltii'itx of the Am. Jew. Hint. Soc. 111. 14-aJ. 103 ft gci/., V. 1S.'»- i:t6 (irat/. Ocvo/m/. Ji/'ii'/i. x.pnjwim; IK-fastro, wlio elves the epltaplis nf Aboab aud his wives. In Keur van

Orafsteeneit, pp.

ti7

et

tteit.

M. K.

Zemah Aboab

A

physician, like his Isaac He was a friend of brother Daniel, lit Amsterdam. Beiiediet de Castro, pliy.sieian in ordinary to Queen Christina of Sweden, and of Beujamin Musaphia in Hamburic. An Isaac Aboab is nuiilioneil as living in Barbados in ItWO (" Publications Am. Jew. Hist. tjoc."

i,



lii.')».

Jacob Aboab

was the son 1. Rabbi at Venice and successor of Samuel Aboab. He died after 1727 at Venice. He edited and published, at the expense



of his wealthy elder brother. D.wiu Ano.u. the rabbinical decisioiisof his father, and provided the book with a detailed biogniphy of its author. He paid especial attention to Biblical antiondenee wilh the learned im|ierial councilor Job Ludolf, at Fninkforl on ibeMain. These letters are preserved in the Fraidvlort City Library. He wrote ii number of rnlibinieal decisions, which are preserved in the works of others: for instance, in the " Pal.iad Yi/.hak" of Isaac Lampronii. 2. A physician at Meccaat llj'.if>. 3. Anoiher Jacob Aboab was one of the earliest Jewish immigrants to .New York, where he arrived in l."i4, pri>liably from Holland ("Publications Am. Jew. Hist. Soc." ii. 77. 4. Son of a Hebrew proof reader, AiiU.vii.M vi. Ki). Alio.vu; was a printer at Venice, l(Mii)-82. S.Sonof Bk.n.i.min AiioAii. lived about H)7."> in Amst<'rdam for his keen intellect. 6. Son of IsA-c Aiio.Mi. "thela.st gaon of Castile "; published till' religious discourses of liis falhir in 1.538. Joseph Aboab: Son of Samuel; was for some He was the author of rabbintimi' rabbi at Viiiiee. He emigrated to ical ilii i^ions. as yet not printed. Pali-iiiic and died at llrbroii. Judah Aboab :. grandson of Isa,c Ahoaij, the

and was renowned

Aboab

'Abodah

ceived the intellectual tendency which he followed When eighteen 3'ears of age, he married the portionless daughter of Franco, named Jlazzal-

all his life.

Tob, a proceeding unusual at that time. He was first appointed rabbi in Verona, whither his father and brothers soon followed him. Here he gained such a reputation for learning that disciples from far and near .sought him. and the ral)bis of Italy turned to him with difficult religious questions. He became known by the name BaSHA (X BH), a word formed from the initial letters of his Hebrew name. Aboab was not only profoundly learned in all .lewish science, but also acquainted with secular learning and a master of several languages. He understood Latin and German, spoke Italian, and read and wrote Spanish. He was rigid, even ascetic, in his piety; fasted much, studied the Law day ami night, and ate no meat on week-ilays. He was extremely modest and charitable, supported his disciples, and visited the poor in their dwellings. In 1650 lie was called to Venice as rabbi. There Iw became involved in the controversy concerning Shabbethai Zebi and his representative or apostle, Nathan of Gaza. The latter confessed to Aboab, as presiilent of the rabbinical tribunal (bet din) of Venice, that his (Nathan of Gaza's) prophecies concerning the Messianic character of Shabbethai Zebi were mere dece|)tions. In advanc:e(I age Aboab became the victim of many misfortunes. Domestic troubles and severe illness aflticted him, and in his eighlietli year he was compelled to leave Venice and his familv. and to wander frimi place to place. It was only shortly before his death that he received permission from the doge and the senate of Venice to return to the city and to icassume his office, which in his absence had been conducted by his snounce carelessly the name of God, to be scrupulously honest iu all their dealings, never to calumniate, never to give any one a contemptuous appellation or nickname, but to care for the education Of of the young, imd to attend .synagogue daily. " his works there Inive appeared: " I)ebar Shemuel (Word of Samuel), acolleetion of rabbinical decisions (Venice, 1702); and, anonymously, "Sefer haZikronot," a treatise on ethical conduct (Venice, UmO). Habbi Joshia Joseph ben Davio, of Venice, coml>osed an elegy upon his death, printed in the collection of iioems "Kos Tanhumim" (Venice, 1707).

M. K.

'ABODAH

community.

("Divine Service"): Originally the benediciinn recited during the morning sjierilice while the Temple still existed, and afterward the benediction containing the prayer for Ihe restonition of till' Tem|de sacrilice, recited also as part of the morning and evening prayer (Mid. v. 10). 'AbiMlah was the regular name fiir Ihe divini- service in the Temple, and (leople look an oath by IheWbodali as Ihev did bv the TemI'I.k itself, or as is done today by "(he Bible (Levy, "Neuliebr. WOrterb." «.r.). K.

Letters of denization ."), HiMI) to a Moses Aboab ("Publications .l.w Hist. Soc." vi. mi). ..t 111.- .m

MENT

"last gaon": wasa dayyan (j'/cilat Alcazarquivirin Africa. He had many ilisciples. among them David

who provided Immanuel .boab with much iidormation conec rning the expulsion of the Jews from Spaiiiand PurtUL'al (" Nomologii." :!(l'2). Mattathiah Aboab: Kipicsented the congreHis son gation liet Jacob in .Vmsterilam, in l(i3i). Moses was later president of the united Portuguese Fayon,

(.tune

Raphael Aboab Kmigniled in KlflO to Surinam. Samuel Aboab: Son of .bndiam; was a very prominent ndibiof llir seventeenlhcenliirv. He was

born at Venice in KUO; died there .ug'. 02. IfiUl. lie very early began lliesludy of nddiinical liteniture. Wliiii lliirleen yiars of age, he bicame the |>upil of the Uarniil

Dwiii Fhanco.

Krom him Aboab

re-

'ABODAH OF THE DAY OF ATONE-

.Vn isMiitial part of the Musjif srrvii-e of thai day. based upon Ihe detaili'd account given in

MishnahVomaof thesiicrilicial service performed the high priest in the Temple at Jerusaliin. The basis for this (Iabi>nile function is found in Lev. xvi. Originallv this part of the service s<"i>nis to have consisted only in the recital of Ihe Mishnah tn'alise, Vonui. Graduallv it was further elaboniled. and liethe liy