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torn of joining together the paternal and maternal there arose llie fiimiliesof Atioali y Cardoso.

names,

Aboab y Lopez. Aboab y Hrandao, Abciab y Coronel, Aboab y Osorio. Abnab de Paz. etc. (Kay.serliii!;. "Hibl. ICsp.

Pcirt.

.lud." pp. •iilxiq.:

"Jew.

(|uart.

Juiv<s," .xv. 20:5, where fiirther data will be found; and see also the lists at (he end of 1). H. de Castro's "De Synagoirue van de I'ortiiireeseli Israelietiseh Genieenle te Anislerdani." w liich contain a innnber of a nal nanirsi. I?ev.".. liiO;

1.

"Hev.

ftl.

Abraham Aboab

Aliiilial',1

llairi

jii

(probal)ly idenlical

willi

"Sources."

.hiculis.

oldest Alioab kmiwii lu us.

He

p. 1!)) is the lived at I'elof. Ara-

gon. lie received in I'-'fi;! fniiu the kinj;- Dun Jainu' a tower called Altea, with the surrounding dairy farms and all righls and privileges of ownership. 2. Another Abraham, a learned contemporary of JiD.Ml BKX AsHKit, lived in Ki40at Toledo. lie was the son of Is.x.vc Ano.vn. the author of the " Menorat ha-^Iaor." 3. Among the earlii'st Spanish eudgranis to Amsterdam were Abraham, and his son Jacob, who ilii'd in 10(1-1. 4. The son of the latter. Abraham, was, in Hi:!!!, ha/an of ihe conL''re;;alii>u l{<'t Jaiol) in Amsterdam. 5. Anollar Abraham, who lived in lli."i.">, was a ])roof-reader and pidilisher at Venice. 6. Philanthropist of Ihe lirst half of the seventeenlh century. A profoundly religious man, devoted to tla^ study of Hebrew literature. About the year iVi~ he established at Hamburg a synagogue called Keter Torah. as widl as Jewish schools other places. He was in Palestine, .Mantua, and witI Ki, Ano.vn, was rabbi, and tlaTe he died at a very old age, in >Iarch, M'A'i. The preacher Azariah Figo delivered his funeral discourse, which is priiiteil in Figo's "Collection of Sermons" (Xo.77). 7. Sou iii .s..Mt i;i, Ano.Mi was rabbi in Venice and died there in the sam<> year as his fatlu'r. Ui'.»4. Abraham ben Jacob Aboab A grandson of Samuel: a learmil .iiid Ijenevolent man. He dii'd in Salonica in Ihe miildle ot the eiglile<'ntli cenlury. Daniel ^ema^ Aboab: Was a physician in Amsterdam. In KiliS he married Rebecca, the daughter of .lacob Lopez. David Aboab: 1. In Amsterdam, was theauthor of a work conipleted in HiN."> (but never printeil). entitled " Catalogo de Difercnies Uemedios para Diver>.is Sorles de Acha(|Ues, Achados por Experiencia llaverem Sido Honos" {('atalogiu' of Diverse Hemedies for Various Ailmcnls, Found by E.perieiice lo Have Been Good). 2. Gave in Venice a nibliin ical decision concerning the singing of Ihe priestly lienediclion, in responsi' lo a (juestion of Xehemiidi be II I'.anich, nibbi in Fcrrara. Elijah Aboab: 1. F.stablished Ihe lirst synagogue ill ll.iiiiliurLr in l<>",'.'i. 2. Another Elijah was a pulilisher of Hebrew hooks in Amsterdam about



Immanuel Aboab L'raiid-oii

I'ortuguesi- scholar; a great ot N:iiie .Vhoiib (died 14ii;t) was born in



Oporto. Portugal, aliout

Venice in Win. Ill' early became an orphan anil was reared .boab. by his gnindfalhir Abndiam Ileemigraled to Italy, and after living some timc> at Pisa he re moved lo Corfu, where he became acipiainled with l.-iiri;

died at

lloraziodel Monle, a lU'piii'W of Ihe In rill ill

duke of

I'rbino.

Hcggio he became accpiaiiited with Mcnahem A/.ade ['"iiiio; Ihence he wi'iit to Spolcloand elsi'wherc Italy, and llnally settlid al Venice. Mere he had

defend his conligioinsis, in the presence of an exalted commission, auainsl nmliciciiis accusalions, and he jiroved with ease that Ihe Jews occiision. in

l(!(i:i.

lo

Abner of Burgos Aboab

JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

had never lacked the courage and devotion to make the greatest sacrifices i^ai liejialf of the country that protected them in their rights and which they could truly call "fatherland." Abf)ab had the intention of going to Palestine and publishing there his works, "The Kingdom of the Intellect " and "The Foundations of Truth," which he had written in defense of the Talmud. He was the author of a defense of the traditional law and of a chronological list of that law's exponents. He worked at this treatise, which was much jirizcd by the pious, for ten years, and completed il in liS'iT). It was published bv his heirs at Amsterdam, in IGii) C-id ed.. ihi<l.. Ui') under the title, " Nomologia o Discursos Legalcs, Comjuicstos porel Virtuoso Hakam Rabi Imanuel Aboabde Bueiia Memoria." A manuscript of this work exists in Ihe ,

library of the Historical

Academy

in

Madrid.

BlULiOfiR.ipiiY: I)e Rossi, Dizinnurin Stnrici). Germ, transl. liy llaiiiljtTiier, iip, 13-i:i: Kayserlinp. Immanunl Ahiiah. in JeKcliuniii, Iv. 372 cl »<;</., v. (543 t( i<«i.; idem, Oewh. d. Juden in Port. pp. 271 et seq.

M. K. Author of "Meuorat ha-Maor"; lived in Sjiain about lollll. As shown by Zunz(" Kitus," pp. 20-i-210), he is not to be confounded with Is.AC Ai!o. , rabbi of Castile, Ihe supercommentator of Xahmauides, who died in 1493 (see following

Isaac

Aboab



article).

a man of affairs, who. toward the close of devoted much lime to literary work and to preaching, as he found, he comiilained, that great Talmudic scholars and important seats of learnin.g were rare. In his time the Jews for whom he wrote still understood and spoke Arabic. He belonged to

He was

his

life,

when men took mduHe combined extensive rabbin-

a period of intellectual decline rally (o eclectici.sm. ical

knowledge with philosophical eiudition. and was

fond of mystic intcrjiretalion of the iMosidc laws and ceremonies. He (iiioted .Vristotle and Plato, though only from secondary sources, and endeavored to illustrate passages from the Talmud and the midrashic lileralure, with which he was especially familiar, by ullerances taken from the philosojihical. Ihe elhicai, and the mystic literjiture of his time. His chief aim was the pojiularizatiou of knowledge aud the elevation of the masses.

three books. The first, on Jewish under Ihe title of " Aron ha-'Edut "(The Ark of the Testimony), wasdiviiled, after the manner of the Decalogue, into ten sections, each again subdivided

Aboab wrote

riles,

into chapters and paragraphs. The various ritual laws were therein traced to llieir Talmudic sources, ilecisions of the Geonim and later inlerjjreand Ihe lations added. His .second book, on the praers and beiiediction.s, was called "Shulhaii haPanim" (Table of the Showbread), and was dividid into twelve seclions, symlioli/ing the twelve loaves of the showbread in the Tabernacle; both works unfortunalely are lost. His third book has survived, aud has won consideralile fame for Ihe aulhor. though in his humility h<' assures his readers that he composed il chielly

Hut besides for his own use as a piiblii- speaker. this it has conlribulcd probaldy more than any other mcdii-val book lo Ihe popularization of ndibinicid lore and lo Ihe religious edification and elevnlion of the mas.ses. Il belongs lo tlial class of elhicai work.s which sprang up in the Ihirleenlh cenlury in a lime of reaction aginnst the one sided manner in which the Talmudic sludies had been previously punaud These TiiliHiullslM." hi- siivs In tile pn'fnii'. " iMiisliler II Itielr pn»)M»t' ii1 leave uniietleiil Die |ini-i«>iis |M>iirlo Unit fliily In

he

ll|n>ll 111*'

Hn hell

III

lull of llie 'I'lllMilldle iM-eilll, ttle tiuKKlldle |ia.vgiKia

lieillltv

mid

•.Ueelllevs."